Fundamentals final exam test bank questions with
highly intelligent answers
A nurse uses evidence-based practice (EBP) to provide nursing care. What is the best
rationale for the nurse's behavior?
a. EBP is a guide for nurses in making clinical decisions.
b. EBP is based on the latest textbook information.
c. EBP is easily attained at the bedside.
d. EBP is always right for all situations. - correct answer-a. EBP is a guide for nurses in
making clinical decisions.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a guide for nurses to structure how to make appropriate,
timely, and effective clinical decisions. A textbook relies on the scientific literature, which
may be outdated by the time the book is published. Unfortunately, much of the best
evidence never reaches the bedside. EBP is not to be blindly applied without using good
judgment and critical thinking skills.
In caring for patients, what must the nurse remember about evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
a.
EBP is the only valid source of knowledge that should be used.
b.
EBP is secondary to traditional or convenient care knowledge.
c.
EBP is dependent on patient values and expectations.
d.
EBP is not shown to provide better patient outcomes. - correct answer-c. EBP is dependent
on patient values and expectations.
,Even when the best evidence available is used, application and outcomes will differ based
on patient values, preferences, concerns, and/or expectations. Nurses often care for
patients on the basis of tradition or convenience. Although these sources have value, it is
important to learn to rely more on research evidence than on nonresearch evidence.
Evidence-based care improves quality, safety, patient outcomes, and nurse satisfaction
while reducing costs
A nurse wants to change a patient procedure. Which action will the nurse take to easily
find research evidence to support this change?
a.
Read all the articles found on the Internet.
b.
Make a general search of the Internet.
c.
Use a PICOT format for the search.
d.
Start with a broad question. - correct answer-c. Use a PICOT format for the search.
The more focused the question is, the easier it becomes to search for evidence in the
scientific literature. The PICO format allows the nurse to ask focused questions that are
intervention based. Inappropriately formed questions (general search or broad question)
will likely lead to irrelevant sources of information. It is not beneficial to read hundreds of
articles. It is more beneficial to read the best four to six articles that specifically address
the question.
A nurse has collected several research findings for evidence-based practice. Which article
will be the best for the nurse to use?
a.
An article that uses randomized controlled trials (RCT)
b.
An article that is an opinion of expert committees
c.
,An article that uses qualitative research
d.
An article that is peer-reviewed - correct answer-a. an article that uses randomized
controlled trials (RCT)
Individual RCTs are the highest level of evidence or "gold standard" for research. A peer-
reviewed article means that a panel of experts has reviewed the article; this is not a
research method. Qualitative research is valuable in identifying information about how
patients cope with or manage various health problems and their perceptions of illness. It
does not usually have the robustness of an RCT. Expert opinion is on the bottom of the
hierarchical pyramid of evidence.
The nurse is reviewing a research article on a patient care topic. Which area should entice
the nurse to read the article?
a.
Literature review
b.
Introduction
c.
Methods
d.
Results - correct answer-b. introduction
The introduction contains information about its purpose and the importance of the topic to
the audience who reads the article. The literature review or background offers a detailed
background of the level of science or clinical information about the topic of the article. The
methods or design section explains how a research study was organized and conducted.
The results or conclusion section details the results of the study and explains whether a
hypothesis is supported.
, The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic low back pain. The nurse wants to determine
the best evidence-based practice regarding clinical guidelines for low back pain. What is
the best database for the nurse to access?
a.
MEDLINE
b.
EMBASE
c.
PsycINFO
d.
AHRQ - correct answer-d. AHRQ
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) includes clinical guidelines and
evidence summaries. MEDLINE includes studies in medicine, nursing, dentistry,
psychiatry, veterinary medicine, and allied health. EMBASE includes biomedical and
pharmaceutical studies. PsycINFO deals with psychology and related health care
disciplines.
A nurse writes the following PICOT question: How do patients with breast cancer rate their
quality of life? How should the nurse evaluate this question?
a.
A true PICOT question regardless of the number of elements
b.
A true PICOT question because the intervention comes before the control
c.
Not a true PICOT question because the comparison comes after the intervention
d.
Not a true PICOT question because the time is not designated - correct answer-a. A true
PICOT question regardless of the number of elements
highly intelligent answers
A nurse uses evidence-based practice (EBP) to provide nursing care. What is the best
rationale for the nurse's behavior?
a. EBP is a guide for nurses in making clinical decisions.
b. EBP is based on the latest textbook information.
c. EBP is easily attained at the bedside.
d. EBP is always right for all situations. - correct answer-a. EBP is a guide for nurses in
making clinical decisions.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a guide for nurses to structure how to make appropriate,
timely, and effective clinical decisions. A textbook relies on the scientific literature, which
may be outdated by the time the book is published. Unfortunately, much of the best
evidence never reaches the bedside. EBP is not to be blindly applied without using good
judgment and critical thinking skills.
In caring for patients, what must the nurse remember about evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
a.
EBP is the only valid source of knowledge that should be used.
b.
EBP is secondary to traditional or convenient care knowledge.
c.
EBP is dependent on patient values and expectations.
d.
EBP is not shown to provide better patient outcomes. - correct answer-c. EBP is dependent
on patient values and expectations.
,Even when the best evidence available is used, application and outcomes will differ based
on patient values, preferences, concerns, and/or expectations. Nurses often care for
patients on the basis of tradition or convenience. Although these sources have value, it is
important to learn to rely more on research evidence than on nonresearch evidence.
Evidence-based care improves quality, safety, patient outcomes, and nurse satisfaction
while reducing costs
A nurse wants to change a patient procedure. Which action will the nurse take to easily
find research evidence to support this change?
a.
Read all the articles found on the Internet.
b.
Make a general search of the Internet.
c.
Use a PICOT format for the search.
d.
Start with a broad question. - correct answer-c. Use a PICOT format for the search.
The more focused the question is, the easier it becomes to search for evidence in the
scientific literature. The PICO format allows the nurse to ask focused questions that are
intervention based. Inappropriately formed questions (general search or broad question)
will likely lead to irrelevant sources of information. It is not beneficial to read hundreds of
articles. It is more beneficial to read the best four to six articles that specifically address
the question.
A nurse has collected several research findings for evidence-based practice. Which article
will be the best for the nurse to use?
a.
An article that uses randomized controlled trials (RCT)
b.
An article that is an opinion of expert committees
c.
,An article that uses qualitative research
d.
An article that is peer-reviewed - correct answer-a. an article that uses randomized
controlled trials (RCT)
Individual RCTs are the highest level of evidence or "gold standard" for research. A peer-
reviewed article means that a panel of experts has reviewed the article; this is not a
research method. Qualitative research is valuable in identifying information about how
patients cope with or manage various health problems and their perceptions of illness. It
does not usually have the robustness of an RCT. Expert opinion is on the bottom of the
hierarchical pyramid of evidence.
The nurse is reviewing a research article on a patient care topic. Which area should entice
the nurse to read the article?
a.
Literature review
b.
Introduction
c.
Methods
d.
Results - correct answer-b. introduction
The introduction contains information about its purpose and the importance of the topic to
the audience who reads the article. The literature review or background offers a detailed
background of the level of science or clinical information about the topic of the article. The
methods or design section explains how a research study was organized and conducted.
The results or conclusion section details the results of the study and explains whether a
hypothesis is supported.
, The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic low back pain. The nurse wants to determine
the best evidence-based practice regarding clinical guidelines for low back pain. What is
the best database for the nurse to access?
a.
MEDLINE
b.
EMBASE
c.
PsycINFO
d.
AHRQ - correct answer-d. AHRQ
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) includes clinical guidelines and
evidence summaries. MEDLINE includes studies in medicine, nursing, dentistry,
psychiatry, veterinary medicine, and allied health. EMBASE includes biomedical and
pharmaceutical studies. PsycINFO deals with psychology and related health care
disciplines.
A nurse writes the following PICOT question: How do patients with breast cancer rate their
quality of life? How should the nurse evaluate this question?
a.
A true PICOT question regardless of the number of elements
b.
A true PICOT question because the intervention comes before the control
c.
Not a true PICOT question because the comparison comes after the intervention
d.
Not a true PICOT question because the time is not designated - correct answer-a. A true
PICOT question regardless of the number of elements
