DH 105
Dental and Medical
Terminology Review
Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. **Case Study**: A 45-year-old male presents with dysphagia and
odynophagia. Upon examination, a barium swallow study reveals a
narrowed esophagus with tertiary contractions. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
- A) Achalasia
- B) Esophageal cancer
- C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D) Esophageal spasm
**Answer**: A) Achalasia. The presence of dysphagia and
odynophagia, along with the radiographic findings, suggest a motility
disorder of the esophagus, most likely achalasia.
2. **Case Study**: A 60-year-old female with a history of smoking and
chronic cough presents with hemoptysis. A chest X-ray shows a mass in
the upper lobe of the right lung. Which diagnostic procedure would be
most appropriate to determine the nature of the mass?
- A) Bronchoscopy
- B) Thoracentesis
- C) Pulmonary function test
- D) Sputum culture
**Answer**: A) Bronchoscopy. Given the patient's history and
radiographic findings, bronchoscopy is the most appropriate procedure to
obtain a biopsy for histopathological examination.
3. **Case Study**: During a dental examination, a 50-year-old patient is
found to have gingival recession, pocket formation, and tooth mobility.
Which condition is most consistent with these findings?
- A) Dental caries
- B) Periodontitis
- C) Gingivitis
- D) Dental abscess
**Answer**: B) Periodontitis. The symptoms described are indicative
of periodontitis, which involves inflammation and destruction of the
supporting structures of the teeth.
4. **Case Study**: A patient presents with flank pain and hematuria.
Imaging studies reveal a staghorn calculus occupying a large portion of
the renal pelvis. What is the first-line treatment for this condition?
, - A) Intravenous antibiotics
- B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
- C) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
- D) Oral dissolution therapy
**Answer**: B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). For large or
complex stones such as staghorn calculi, PCNL is often the first-line
treatment.
5. **Case Study**: An adolescent patient presents with scoliosis. Upon
further investigation, it is determined that the curvature is progressive and
surgical intervention may be required. Which specialist should be
consulted for definitive management?
- A) Neurologist
- B) Orthopedic surgeon
- C) Rheumatologist
- D) Physiatrist
**Answer**: B) Orthopedic surgeon. Progressive scoliosis often
requires surgical intervention by an orthopedic surgeon specializing in
spinal surgeries.
6. **Case Study**: A patient complains of severe epigastric pain that
radiates to the back and is accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Peptic ulcer disease
- B) Acute pancreatitis
- C) Cholecystitis
- D) Hepatitis
**Answer**: B) Acute pancreatitis. The clinical presentation and
laboratory findings are consistent with acute pancreatitis.
7. **Case Study**: During an eye examination, an ophthalmologist
observes increased intraocular pressure, cupping of the optic disc, and
visual field loss in a patient complaining of seeing halos around lights.
What is this condition called?
- A) Cataract
- B) Glaucoma
- C) Macular degeneration
Dental and Medical
Terminology Review
Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. **Case Study**: A 45-year-old male presents with dysphagia and
odynophagia. Upon examination, a barium swallow study reveals a
narrowed esophagus with tertiary contractions. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
- A) Achalasia
- B) Esophageal cancer
- C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D) Esophageal spasm
**Answer**: A) Achalasia. The presence of dysphagia and
odynophagia, along with the radiographic findings, suggest a motility
disorder of the esophagus, most likely achalasia.
2. **Case Study**: A 60-year-old female with a history of smoking and
chronic cough presents with hemoptysis. A chest X-ray shows a mass in
the upper lobe of the right lung. Which diagnostic procedure would be
most appropriate to determine the nature of the mass?
- A) Bronchoscopy
- B) Thoracentesis
- C) Pulmonary function test
- D) Sputum culture
**Answer**: A) Bronchoscopy. Given the patient's history and
radiographic findings, bronchoscopy is the most appropriate procedure to
obtain a biopsy for histopathological examination.
3. **Case Study**: During a dental examination, a 50-year-old patient is
found to have gingival recession, pocket formation, and tooth mobility.
Which condition is most consistent with these findings?
- A) Dental caries
- B) Periodontitis
- C) Gingivitis
- D) Dental abscess
**Answer**: B) Periodontitis. The symptoms described are indicative
of periodontitis, which involves inflammation and destruction of the
supporting structures of the teeth.
4. **Case Study**: A patient presents with flank pain and hematuria.
Imaging studies reveal a staghorn calculus occupying a large portion of
the renal pelvis. What is the first-line treatment for this condition?
, - A) Intravenous antibiotics
- B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
- C) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
- D) Oral dissolution therapy
**Answer**: B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). For large or
complex stones such as staghorn calculi, PCNL is often the first-line
treatment.
5. **Case Study**: An adolescent patient presents with scoliosis. Upon
further investigation, it is determined that the curvature is progressive and
surgical intervention may be required. Which specialist should be
consulted for definitive management?
- A) Neurologist
- B) Orthopedic surgeon
- C) Rheumatologist
- D) Physiatrist
**Answer**: B) Orthopedic surgeon. Progressive scoliosis often
requires surgical intervention by an orthopedic surgeon specializing in
spinal surgeries.
6. **Case Study**: A patient complains of severe epigastric pain that
radiates to the back and is accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Peptic ulcer disease
- B) Acute pancreatitis
- C) Cholecystitis
- D) Hepatitis
**Answer**: B) Acute pancreatitis. The clinical presentation and
laboratory findings are consistent with acute pancreatitis.
7. **Case Study**: During an eye examination, an ophthalmologist
observes increased intraocular pressure, cupping of the optic disc, and
visual field loss in a patient complaining of seeing halos around lights.
What is this condition called?
- A) Cataract
- B) Glaucoma
- C) Macular degeneration
