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What is/are the difference(s) between inventory and monitoring (I&M)? (Differences in: Objectives? Effort? Conservation/management applications?) correct answers In general terms, inventories are conducted to determine the distribution and composition of wildlife and wildlife habitats in areas where such information is lacking, and monitoring is typically used to understand rates of change or the effects of management practices on wildlife populations and habitats. Inventory requires less effort than a monitoring project since it mainly consists of presence/absence surveys. Inventories do not take into account different factors that may be causing the species to be present, rather its just documentation that its there. Monitoring on the other hand, does take into account factors dependent on the objective of the project. Inventory: Taking account for what is at the site currently (taking stock) Objective: Answers Q's (Who? What?) Effort: Conservation Applications: an attempt to document and identify all biological species living in some defined area, usually a park, reserve, or research area. Monitoring: Tracking species overtime looking at trends for projects Objective: Answers Q's (When? Why? and How?) Effort: Conservation Applications: the systematic and focused observation and measurement of present changes of biodiversity in its various forms (genes, taxa, structures, functions, ecosystems) usually within a defined context defined by a research question or a management goal What is baseline data? Why is it important? How (where) can you get baseline data? Recall when the importance of baseline data has come up during peer-led literature discussions this semester. What is the importance of natural history observations/information? Related (from Small Mammal Week, leading up to Lab 3) - Benefits and impacts of the collection of scientific specimens: Hope et al. (2018) 'Collection of Scientific Specimens: Benefits for Biodiversity Sciences and Limited Impacts on Communities of Small Mammals correct answers Baseline data is the initial measurement of information collected prior to the start of a project. The value of having a baseline is it really serves as a point of reference for the upcoming studies. Without it, projects would not be nearly as specific or in-depth as they are since baseline data can really help researchers form a question about the community or species that needs to be answered. Baseline data can come from completing inventory studies on a community to see what species are present and absent to then give rise to a monitoring project or future research on the area. The importance of baseline data has come up within the paper on Grizzly bears on one of Alaska's peninsulas. This data was needed to be gathered as soon as possible since without it, policies and tag limits for hunting would be conducted without any sort of reference towards the