Revision Notes Class 10
Social Science - Economics
Chapter – 1 Development
1. Introduction
● Developmental goals of any particular idea vary from person to
person.
● Apart from personal development, we should definitely think of a
country's development.
● Development is defined as the people’s economic growth, along
with the growth of their basic needs like education, health, lifestyle,
etc.
● The main aim of development is to update as per the demand of time.
● For example: to generate electricity, a dam is constructed over a river
where nearby mass is considered for construction resulting in the
development of society and country.
● It causes destruction for farmers and the lives of people living
nearby.
2. Income and other goals
● Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill their
daily requirements making money or income is very important.
● Money is required to buy materialistic things as well as freedom,
security, treatment, respect to maintain a quality lifestyle.
● Hence, developmental goals are necessary to get a better income and
other things in life.
3. National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to enhance the living standards of
its residents.
● For people, belief in nations' development is different.
● Improvement in people’s living standards, providing basic things to
citizens like food, education, social service, medical aid, etc, and
increase in per capita income, is referred to as National development.
Class X Economics www.vedantu.com 1
, 4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?
● Income is a key feature to compare countries.
● Countries that have higher income are called developed countries
and vice versa.
● The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that
country.
● National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s
goods and services produced in a year. As every country has a
different population rate, so National income cannot be considered
to compare between different countries.
● Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a
country's total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows
the living standard of the citizens of the country.
● The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income
of the country to the overall population of the country.
5. Income and other criteria
● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want respect from others,
the security of their lives, and freedom.
● If we consider per capita in the country’s development, then Goa is
the most developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total number of children, the age
group from 14 years attending the school from the total percentage
of children in the same age group.
● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people above 7 years who can
write, read and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state
is considered to be developed. Kerala has the highest literacy rate of
96.2% and Andhra Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of children that die in one
year of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how
efficient health facilities are in any country. Kerala has the lowest
infant mortality rate, that is deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya
Pradesh has the highest mortality rate that is 48 per 1000 live births
in India.
6. Human Development Index
● The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepares this
Class X Economics www.vedantu.com 2
Social Science - Economics
Chapter – 1 Development
1. Introduction
● Developmental goals of any particular idea vary from person to
person.
● Apart from personal development, we should definitely think of a
country's development.
● Development is defined as the people’s economic growth, along
with the growth of their basic needs like education, health, lifestyle,
etc.
● The main aim of development is to update as per the demand of time.
● For example: to generate electricity, a dam is constructed over a river
where nearby mass is considered for construction resulting in the
development of society and country.
● It causes destruction for farmers and the lives of people living
nearby.
2. Income and other goals
● Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill their
daily requirements making money or income is very important.
● Money is required to buy materialistic things as well as freedom,
security, treatment, respect to maintain a quality lifestyle.
● Hence, developmental goals are necessary to get a better income and
other things in life.
3. National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to enhance the living standards of
its residents.
● For people, belief in nations' development is different.
● Improvement in people’s living standards, providing basic things to
citizens like food, education, social service, medical aid, etc, and
increase in per capita income, is referred to as National development.
Class X Economics www.vedantu.com 1
, 4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?
● Income is a key feature to compare countries.
● Countries that have higher income are called developed countries
and vice versa.
● The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that
country.
● National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s
goods and services produced in a year. As every country has a
different population rate, so National income cannot be considered
to compare between different countries.
● Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a
country's total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows
the living standard of the citizens of the country.
● The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income
of the country to the overall population of the country.
5. Income and other criteria
● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want respect from others,
the security of their lives, and freedom.
● If we consider per capita in the country’s development, then Goa is
the most developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total number of children, the age
group from 14 years attending the school from the total percentage
of children in the same age group.
● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people above 7 years who can
write, read and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state
is considered to be developed. Kerala has the highest literacy rate of
96.2% and Andhra Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of children that die in one
year of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how
efficient health facilities are in any country. Kerala has the lowest
infant mortality rate, that is deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya
Pradesh has the highest mortality rate that is 48 per 1000 live births
in India.
6. Human Development Index
● The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepares this
Class X Economics www.vedantu.com 2
