Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts 12th Edition, Timby
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An advantage of preferred provider organizations (PPOs) is that:
a. they make insurance coverage of employees less expensive to employers.
b. there are fewer physicians to choose from than in an HMO.
c. long-term relationships with physicians are more likely.
d. patients may go directly to a specialist for care.
ANS: A
The use of PPOs allows insurance companies to keep their premiums low and in turn
makes insurance coverage less expensive for the employers. There are usually more
physicians from which to choose than from a HMO, but long-term relationships
between physician and patient cannot be established easily. Patients still must see their
primary physician before being referred to other specialties.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 6 OBJ: Theory #11 TOP:
Preferred Provider Organizations KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. After passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses
(NCLEXPN), the nurse is qualified to take an additional certification in the field of:
a. pharmacology.
b. care of infants and children.
c. operating room technology.
d. community health.
ANS: A
After becoming an LPN, the nurse may apply for additional certification in
pharmacology or long-term care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 6 OBJ: Theory #6
TOP: Educational Opportunities KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. Nursing interventions are best defined as activities that:
a. are taken to improve the patients health.
b. involve researching methods to maintain asepsis
c. include the family in nursing care
d. review guidelines for handling infectious wastes.
ANS: A
Interventions are actions taken to improve, maintain, or restore health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 4 OBJ: Theory #
TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early
detection of disease
,4. Nurse Practice Acts define the legal scope of an LPNs practice, which are written and
enforced by:
a. the American Nurses Association.
b. the National Council Licensure Examiners.
c. each state.
d. each health care agency.
ANS: C
Each state writes and enforces the Nurse Practice Act, which defines the legal scope of
nursing practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 5 OBJ: Theory #3
TOP: Nurse Practice Act KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. Women volunteers were organized to give nursing care to the wounded soldiers during
the Civil War by:
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Dorothea Dix.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Lillian Wald.
ANS: B
The Union government appointed Dorothea Dix, a social worker, to organize women
volunteers to provide nursing care for the soldiers during the Civil War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #4
TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. The nursing theory presented by Sister Calista Roy is based on:
a. reduction of stress.
b. achievement of maximum level of wellness.
c. relief of self-care deficit.
d. adaptation modes
ANS: D
Adaptation modes (physiologic, psychological, sociologic, and independence) are the
basis of the nursing theory of Sister Calista Roy.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 4, Table 1-1 OBJ:
Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. The founding of the Red Cross is attributed to:
a. Lillian Wald.
b. Dorothea Dix.
c. Florence Nightingale.
d. Clara Barton.
ANS: D
Clara Barton founded the Red Cross.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #4
, TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. The nursing theorist whose practice framework is based on 14 fundamental needs is:
a. Dorothy Johnson.
b. Jean Watson.
c. Virginia Henderson.
d. Martha Rogers.
ANS: C
Virginia Hendersons nursing theory framework is based on 14 fundamental needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 4, Table 1-1 OBJ:
Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theorists KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. The nursing theory that uses seven behavioral subsystems in an adaptation model is:
a. Betty Neumann.
b. Sister Calista Roy.
c. Dorothy Johnson.
d. Patricia Benner.
ANS: C
Dorothy Johnsons practice framework is based on seven behavioral subsystems in an
adaptation model.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 4, Table 1-1 OBJ:
Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theorists KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are designed to direct LPNs to:
a. advance their nursing career.
b. seek a scientific basis for their interventions.
c. deliver safe, knowledgeable care.
d. a leadership role.
ANS: C
The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are designed to guide the LPN to deliver
safe, knowledgeable care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 5 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Nursing Standards KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Safe Effective Care Environment
11. Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing practice and education:
a. are historically important but have no validity for nursing today.
b. were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time.
c. were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War.
d. were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds.
ANS: C
, By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence
Nightingales nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean
War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP:
Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX:
N/A
12. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their
beliefs on common concepts concerning:
a. self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging.
b. stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model.
c. curative care, restorative care, and terminal care.
d. human relationships, the environment, and health.
ANS: D
Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the
environment, and health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 4 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
13. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the:
a. Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state.
b. National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
c. American Nurses Association (ANA).
d. National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.
ANS: D
The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses modified the standards published
by the ANA in 2004 to better fit the role of the LPN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 5 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Standards of Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
14. Early nursing education and care in the United States:
a. were directed at community health.
b. provided independence for women through education and employment.
c. were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.
d. have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing.
ANS: B
Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more
formalized through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to
women through education and employment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing
History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
15. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness,
prevent illness, facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of:
a. caregiver, educator, and collaborator.
Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts 12th Edition, Timby
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An advantage of preferred provider organizations (PPOs) is that:
a. they make insurance coverage of employees less expensive to employers.
b. there are fewer physicians to choose from than in an HMO.
c. long-term relationships with physicians are more likely.
d. patients may go directly to a specialist for care.
ANS: A
The use of PPOs allows insurance companies to keep their premiums low and in turn
makes insurance coverage less expensive for the employers. There are usually more
physicians from which to choose than from a HMO, but long-term relationships
between physician and patient cannot be established easily. Patients still must see their
primary physician before being referred to other specialties.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 6 OBJ: Theory #11 TOP:
Preferred Provider Organizations KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
2. After passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses
(NCLEXPN), the nurse is qualified to take an additional certification in the field of:
a. pharmacology.
b. care of infants and children.
c. operating room technology.
d. community health.
ANS: A
After becoming an LPN, the nurse may apply for additional certification in
pharmacology or long-term care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 6 OBJ: Theory #6
TOP: Educational Opportunities KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
3. Nursing interventions are best defined as activities that:
a. are taken to improve the patients health.
b. involve researching methods to maintain asepsis
c. include the family in nursing care
d. review guidelines for handling infectious wastes.
ANS: A
Interventions are actions taken to improve, maintain, or restore health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 4 OBJ: Theory #
TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early
detection of disease
,4. Nurse Practice Acts define the legal scope of an LPNs practice, which are written and
enforced by:
a. the American Nurses Association.
b. the National Council Licensure Examiners.
c. each state.
d. each health care agency.
ANS: C
Each state writes and enforces the Nurse Practice Act, which defines the legal scope of
nursing practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 5 OBJ: Theory #3
TOP: Nurse Practice Act KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
5. Women volunteers were organized to give nursing care to the wounded soldiers during
the Civil War by:
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Dorothea Dix.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Lillian Wald.
ANS: B
The Union government appointed Dorothea Dix, a social worker, to organize women
volunteers to provide nursing care for the soldiers during the Civil War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #4
TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
6. The nursing theory presented by Sister Calista Roy is based on:
a. reduction of stress.
b. achievement of maximum level of wellness.
c. relief of self-care deficit.
d. adaptation modes
ANS: D
Adaptation modes (physiologic, psychological, sociologic, and independence) are the
basis of the nursing theory of Sister Calista Roy.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 4, Table 1-1 OBJ:
Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
7. The founding of the Red Cross is attributed to:
a. Lillian Wald.
b. Dorothea Dix.
c. Florence Nightingale.
d. Clara Barton.
ANS: D
Clara Barton founded the Red Cross.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #4
, TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
8. The nursing theorist whose practice framework is based on 14 fundamental needs is:
a. Dorothy Johnson.
b. Jean Watson.
c. Virginia Henderson.
d. Martha Rogers.
ANS: C
Virginia Hendersons nursing theory framework is based on 14 fundamental needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 4, Table 1-1 OBJ:
Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theorists KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. The nursing theory that uses seven behavioral subsystems in an adaptation model is:
a. Betty Neumann.
b. Sister Calista Roy.
c. Dorothy Johnson.
d. Patricia Benner.
ANS: C
Dorothy Johnsons practice framework is based on seven behavioral subsystems in an
adaptation model.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 4, Table 1-1 OBJ:
Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theorists KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are designed to direct LPNs to:
a. advance their nursing career.
b. seek a scientific basis for their interventions.
c. deliver safe, knowledgeable care.
d. a leadership role.
ANS: C
The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are designed to guide the LPN to deliver
safe, knowledgeable care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 5 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Nursing Standards KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Safe Effective Care Environment
11. Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing practice and education:
a. are historically important but have no validity for nursing today.
b. were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time.
c. were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War.
d. were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds.
ANS: C
, By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence
Nightingales nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean
War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP:
Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX:
N/A
12. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their
beliefs on common concepts concerning:
a. self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging.
b. stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model.
c. curative care, restorative care, and terminal care.
d. human relationships, the environment, and health.
ANS: D
Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the
environment, and health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 4 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
13. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the:
a. Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state.
b. National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
c. American Nurses Association (ANA).
d. National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.
ANS: D
The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses modified the standards published
by the ANA in 2004 to better fit the role of the LPN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: dm 5 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Standards of Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
14. Early nursing education and care in the United States:
a. were directed at community health.
b. provided independence for women through education and employment.
c. were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.
d. have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing.
ANS: B
Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more
formalized through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to
women through education and employment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: dm 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing
History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
15. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness,
prevent illness, facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of:
a. caregiver, educator, and collaborator.
