Medical-Surgical Nursing CONCEPTS With Questions and Answers
Comfort - Correct answer-A state of physical well-being, pleasure, and absence of pain or
stress
Interventions for patients with decreased comfort - Correct answer-Anticipate pain and
emotional stress, collaborate with members of the inter professional team as needed, and
implement pain management measures
Elimation - Correct answer-The excretion of waste from the body by the gastrointestinal
(GI) tract (as feces) and by the urinary system (as urine)
Bowel elimination - Correct answer-Occurs as a result of food and fluid intake and ends
with passage of feces (stool) or solid waste products from food into the rectum of the
colon
Urinary Elimination - Correct answer-Occurs as a result of multiple kidney processes and
ends with the passage of urine through the urinary tract
Continence - Correct answer-Voluntary control of both bowel and urinary elimination
Incontinence - Correct answer-Lack of bowel or bladder control
Retention - Correct answer-inability to expel stool or excrete urine
Obstipation - Correct answer-Inability to pass stool
Oliguria - Correct answer-Scant urine
Anuria - Correct answer-absence of urine
Aging (when pelvic muscles weaken), neurologic disorders, excessive laxative use, other
medication use, GI infections, and lack of exercise - Correct answer-Risk factors for
incontinence include:
Adequate nutrition and hydration, diet high in fiber, stay well hydrated, health teaching,
and collaboration with inter professional team - Correct answer-Interventions to prevent
changes in elimination include:
Foods high in potassium - Correct answer-Oranges and potatoes
Fluid and electrolyte balance - Correct answer-The regulation of body fluid, fluid
osmolality, and electrolytes by processes such as filtration, diffusion, and osmosis.
Where is extracellular fluid found? - Correct answer-The vascular space (plasma) and
interstitial space (fluid between cells, often referred to as third space fluid)
, Electrolytes - Correct answer-Chemicals in the body needed for normal body functioning,
especially the heart and brain
Acute illnesses (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea), severe burns, serious injury or trauma,
chronic kidney disease, surgery, poor nutritional intake, and older adults - Correct answer-
Risk factors that can alter a person's fluid and electrolyte balance include:
What is the minimum hourly urinary output? - Correct answer-Atleast 30mL per hour
Increase in blood pressure due to increased blood volume, peripheral pulses are often
strong and bounding and peripheral edema occurs. - Correct answer-What are the signs
and symptoms of someone experiencing fluid excess (overload)?
Hypotension, tachycardia and weak/thready pulses. - Correct answer-What are the signs
and symptoms of someone experiencing a fluid volume deficit?
Changes in weight - Correct answer-What is the best indicator of fluid volume changes in
the body?
Serum electrolyte concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum osmolality -
Correct answer-Tests used to measure fluid and electrolyte imbalances include:
Oranges, bananas, and potatoes - Correct answer-Foods that are good sources of
potassium include:
Fluid replacement, either orally or parenterally - Correct answer-What is the primary
collaborative intervention for patients with a fluid deficit?
Fluid restriction and diuretic therapy - Correct answer-Interventions for patients
experiencing fluid overload include:
Glucose Regulation - Correct answer-The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose
levels
Gas Exchange - Correct answer-The process of oxygen transport to the cells and carbon
dioxide transport away from the cells through ventilation and diffusion.
Alveoli - Correct answer-As adults age, what loses elasticity causing a decrease in gas
exchange?
Normal functioning central (brain and spinal cord) neurons, normal diaphragm function,
adequate skeletal muscle contractility (especially the intercostal muscles between the
ribs), and an intact chest thorax - Correct answer-What does adequate ventilation require?
Comfort - Correct answer-A state of physical well-being, pleasure, and absence of pain or
stress
Interventions for patients with decreased comfort - Correct answer-Anticipate pain and
emotional stress, collaborate with members of the inter professional team as needed, and
implement pain management measures
Elimation - Correct answer-The excretion of waste from the body by the gastrointestinal
(GI) tract (as feces) and by the urinary system (as urine)
Bowel elimination - Correct answer-Occurs as a result of food and fluid intake and ends
with passage of feces (stool) or solid waste products from food into the rectum of the
colon
Urinary Elimination - Correct answer-Occurs as a result of multiple kidney processes and
ends with the passage of urine through the urinary tract
Continence - Correct answer-Voluntary control of both bowel and urinary elimination
Incontinence - Correct answer-Lack of bowel or bladder control
Retention - Correct answer-inability to expel stool or excrete urine
Obstipation - Correct answer-Inability to pass stool
Oliguria - Correct answer-Scant urine
Anuria - Correct answer-absence of urine
Aging (when pelvic muscles weaken), neurologic disorders, excessive laxative use, other
medication use, GI infections, and lack of exercise - Correct answer-Risk factors for
incontinence include:
Adequate nutrition and hydration, diet high in fiber, stay well hydrated, health teaching,
and collaboration with inter professional team - Correct answer-Interventions to prevent
changes in elimination include:
Foods high in potassium - Correct answer-Oranges and potatoes
Fluid and electrolyte balance - Correct answer-The regulation of body fluid, fluid
osmolality, and electrolytes by processes such as filtration, diffusion, and osmosis.
Where is extracellular fluid found? - Correct answer-The vascular space (plasma) and
interstitial space (fluid between cells, often referred to as third space fluid)
, Electrolytes - Correct answer-Chemicals in the body needed for normal body functioning,
especially the heart and brain
Acute illnesses (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea), severe burns, serious injury or trauma,
chronic kidney disease, surgery, poor nutritional intake, and older adults - Correct answer-
Risk factors that can alter a person's fluid and electrolyte balance include:
What is the minimum hourly urinary output? - Correct answer-Atleast 30mL per hour
Increase in blood pressure due to increased blood volume, peripheral pulses are often
strong and bounding and peripheral edema occurs. - Correct answer-What are the signs
and symptoms of someone experiencing fluid excess (overload)?
Hypotension, tachycardia and weak/thready pulses. - Correct answer-What are the signs
and symptoms of someone experiencing a fluid volume deficit?
Changes in weight - Correct answer-What is the best indicator of fluid volume changes in
the body?
Serum electrolyte concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum osmolality -
Correct answer-Tests used to measure fluid and electrolyte imbalances include:
Oranges, bananas, and potatoes - Correct answer-Foods that are good sources of
potassium include:
Fluid replacement, either orally or parenterally - Correct answer-What is the primary
collaborative intervention for patients with a fluid deficit?
Fluid restriction and diuretic therapy - Correct answer-Interventions for patients
experiencing fluid overload include:
Glucose Regulation - Correct answer-The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose
levels
Gas Exchange - Correct answer-The process of oxygen transport to the cells and carbon
dioxide transport away from the cells through ventilation and diffusion.
Alveoli - Correct answer-As adults age, what loses elasticity causing a decrease in gas
exchange?
Normal functioning central (brain and spinal cord) neurons, normal diaphragm function,
adequate skeletal muscle contractility (especially the intercostal muscles between the
ribs), and an intact chest thorax - Correct answer-What does adequate ventilation require?
