Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Respiratory Set, With
Complete Solution.
What is sleep apnea?
person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during sleep
What is the most common cause of sleep apnea?
obstructive sleep apnea
What is the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea?
airway is restricted as a result of tissue collapse in the airway
How is pharyngeal space decreased during sleep?
muscle in airway relax causing tongue and soft palate to be come displaced
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea
obesity, large neck circumference, narrowed airway, chronic nasal congestion, allergic
rhinitis, smoking, diabetes, family history, asthma, non-white, age 50-59, male,
recessed lower jaw
What defines large neck circumference?
Men neck > 17in; Women neck >16 inches
What is the stereotype for obstructive sleep apnea?
obese, middle aged male
Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms at night
snoring, restlessness, nocturia, gasping for air, choking, apneic events(minimum of
10sec), sweating
Obstructive sleep apnea daytime symptoms
exhaustion, irritability, morning headaches, memory loss, dry mouth
Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea
relationship tensions, hypertension, right sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension,
arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, angina, hypoxia, polycythemia Vera
How does obstructive sleep apnea get diagnosed?
formal sleep study
What is the non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea?
weight loss, avoid alcohol, avoid sedatives, avoid smoking, sleep on side, elevate head
of the bed, intra-oral devices, CPAP
What does a CPAP do?
prevents airway collapse by using the continuous pressure to keep bronchioles and
alveoli slightly open
What are the surgical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea?
T&A (peds), nasal surgery, UPPP, oral appliance
What does an oral appliance do to treat obstructive sleep apnea?
moves the jaw forward to reduce the narrowing of the airway that exists
What is asthma?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the airway that occurs from inflammation and
hyper responsive ness
Is asthma reversible?
, Yes, if caught early enough but too much time causes scaring and then it cannot be
reversed
What assessment findings would you expect to see in a patient with asthma?
chest tightness, dyspnea, wheezing, cough, accessory muscle use, tachypnea
What are the triggers of asthma?
idiopathic, exercise, infection, GERD, air pollution, allergens, medications
What are the normal symptoms of asthma?
short of breath, increased respiratory rate, coughing, chest tightness, dyspnea,
wheezing (esp on exhalation)
What are the alarm symptoms of asthma?
use of accessory muscles, decreased breath sounds, diaphoresis, cough that will not
stop, silent chest
What is AERD?
aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease
What are the clinical features of AERD?
asthma, sinus disease, sensitivity to aspirin and other NSAIDS
What are the symptoms of AERD?
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, laryngospasm, cough, wheeze, loss of sense of
smell, chest tightness
What treatment is used for AERD?
avoid all NSAIDs and alcohol; some may also need daily inhaled corticosteroids
What are the treatment options for asthma?
short acting beta agonist (SABA), long acting beta agonist (LABA), inhaled
corticosteroids, cromolyn, leukotriene receptor agonist (LRA)
What is the only medication to be used in an acute attack or emergent asthma
episode?
albuterol
What is the goal of a spacer?
make more medication reach the lungs
Which zone on an peak flow meter indicates a need for emergency care?
Red
What is the nursing care for an acute asthma attack?
airway, high fowler's position, oxygen, SABA, steroids, IV magnesium, continued breath
sound assessments
What are the nursing interactions for a health promotion and maintenance for
asthma?
education on how to use inhaler, education on triggers, prevention efforts, influenza and
pneumonia vaccines, smoking cessation, activity
What is COPD?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What respiratory condition is progressive, non-reversible, obstructive disease
that is broken down into emphysema and bronchitis?
COPD
What is the pathophysiology of COPD?
inflammation of airways, bronchoconstriction, airflow limitation, airway obstruction
Risk factors of COPD
Complete Solution.
What is sleep apnea?
person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during sleep
What is the most common cause of sleep apnea?
obstructive sleep apnea
What is the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea?
airway is restricted as a result of tissue collapse in the airway
How is pharyngeal space decreased during sleep?
muscle in airway relax causing tongue and soft palate to be come displaced
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea
obesity, large neck circumference, narrowed airway, chronic nasal congestion, allergic
rhinitis, smoking, diabetes, family history, asthma, non-white, age 50-59, male,
recessed lower jaw
What defines large neck circumference?
Men neck > 17in; Women neck >16 inches
What is the stereotype for obstructive sleep apnea?
obese, middle aged male
Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms at night
snoring, restlessness, nocturia, gasping for air, choking, apneic events(minimum of
10sec), sweating
Obstructive sleep apnea daytime symptoms
exhaustion, irritability, morning headaches, memory loss, dry mouth
Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea
relationship tensions, hypertension, right sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension,
arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, angina, hypoxia, polycythemia Vera
How does obstructive sleep apnea get diagnosed?
formal sleep study
What is the non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea?
weight loss, avoid alcohol, avoid sedatives, avoid smoking, sleep on side, elevate head
of the bed, intra-oral devices, CPAP
What does a CPAP do?
prevents airway collapse by using the continuous pressure to keep bronchioles and
alveoli slightly open
What are the surgical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea?
T&A (peds), nasal surgery, UPPP, oral appliance
What does an oral appliance do to treat obstructive sleep apnea?
moves the jaw forward to reduce the narrowing of the airway that exists
What is asthma?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the airway that occurs from inflammation and
hyper responsive ness
Is asthma reversible?
, Yes, if caught early enough but too much time causes scaring and then it cannot be
reversed
What assessment findings would you expect to see in a patient with asthma?
chest tightness, dyspnea, wheezing, cough, accessory muscle use, tachypnea
What are the triggers of asthma?
idiopathic, exercise, infection, GERD, air pollution, allergens, medications
What are the normal symptoms of asthma?
short of breath, increased respiratory rate, coughing, chest tightness, dyspnea,
wheezing (esp on exhalation)
What are the alarm symptoms of asthma?
use of accessory muscles, decreased breath sounds, diaphoresis, cough that will not
stop, silent chest
What is AERD?
aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease
What are the clinical features of AERD?
asthma, sinus disease, sensitivity to aspirin and other NSAIDS
What are the symptoms of AERD?
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, laryngospasm, cough, wheeze, loss of sense of
smell, chest tightness
What treatment is used for AERD?
avoid all NSAIDs and alcohol; some may also need daily inhaled corticosteroids
What are the treatment options for asthma?
short acting beta agonist (SABA), long acting beta agonist (LABA), inhaled
corticosteroids, cromolyn, leukotriene receptor agonist (LRA)
What is the only medication to be used in an acute attack or emergent asthma
episode?
albuterol
What is the goal of a spacer?
make more medication reach the lungs
Which zone on an peak flow meter indicates a need for emergency care?
Red
What is the nursing care for an acute asthma attack?
airway, high fowler's position, oxygen, SABA, steroids, IV magnesium, continued breath
sound assessments
What are the nursing interactions for a health promotion and maintenance for
asthma?
education on how to use inhaler, education on triggers, prevention efforts, influenza and
pneumonia vaccines, smoking cessation, activity
What is COPD?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What respiratory condition is progressive, non-reversible, obstructive disease
that is broken down into emphysema and bronchitis?
COPD
What is the pathophysiology of COPD?
inflammation of airways, bronchoconstriction, airflow limitation, airway obstruction
Risk factors of COPD
