Pilates Anatomy Stott Exam Questions
With Verified Solutions
What is the 2 origins of Gluteus Medius? (IG) - Answer 1. Ilium: From Iliac Crest
(Between Posterior + anterior Gluteal Lines) - Outer Surface
2. Gluteal Aponeurosis
What are the actions of Rhomboid Minor? (3) (RED) - Answer 1. Retraction
2. Elevation
3. Downward Rotation of Scapulae (Assists)
Origin of Pectoralis Major Sternal Division. (3) SEC - Answer 1. Sternum to 7th Rib
2. Cartilages of True Ribs (1-7)
3. Aponeurosis of External Abdominal Obliques
What is the origin of the Long Head of Triceps Brachii? - Answer Infraglenoid tubercle -
Scapulae
What are the actions of the lower trapezius? 4 IRUDE - Answer 1. Inferior Stabilization
of Scapula
2. Retraction
3. Upward Rotation
4. Depression
5. Extension (assists the spine)
Origins Rhomboid Minor (2) - Answer 1. C7 T1 Spinous processes
2. Ligamentum Nuchae - Lower Part
Insertion Middle Trapezius (1) - Answer Spine of Scapula Superior Border
Origin Supraspinatus (1) - Answer Supraspinous fossa medial 2/3
Action of External Intercostals - Answer Elevates Ribs during Inspiration
Origin of External Intercostals - Answer Inferior border of rib above
Ventral - Answer Near Front of Body
Opposite of Dorsal
Anterior
,Actions Levatores Costarum Longis (4) REEL - Answer 1. Spinal Rotation to other Side
2. Elevates Ribs during Inspiration
3. Extension Spine
4. Lateral Flexion of Spine
Actions Gemellus Superior (3) HAL - Answer 1. Horizantal Extension
2. Abduction - Flexed thigh at Hip
3. Lateral Roation - Extended thigh at hip
Actions Upper Trapezius (3) RUE - Answer 1. Rotation Upward Scapulae
2. Elevation Scapulae
3. Retraction (along w/ other Trapezius)
Insertion Lower Trapezius (1) - Answer Spine of Scapulae Medial 1/3
Serratus Anterior Actions (3) PUS - Answer 1. Protraction Scapulae
2. Upward rotation Scapulae
3. Stabilization of MEDIAL /vertebral border of scapula THORACIC CAGE along with
RHOMBOIDS and MIDDLE trapezius
Adductor Longus Actions (3) FAM - Answer 1. Flexion thigh at Hip (Assists)
2. Adduction
3. Medial Rotation
Isotonic contraction - Answer CONSTANT TENSION in muscle as it changes in
LENGTH. Can be eccentric or concentric.
isometric contraction - Answer Generates Force in muscle with no change in length. Ex.
Grip Strength
Concentric Contraction - Answer Muscles SHORTEN while generating force
overcoming resistance.
Eccentric Contraction (3) - Answer 1) Muscle LENGTHENS while it's still generating
force. 2) The resistance is greater than the force generated. 3) Can be voluntary or
involuntary.
flexion - Answer def:
- Bending
- Bringing the brings bones closer together joint. sagittal plane
- Exception is Shoulder + Hip Joints > Movement of femur or humerus to the front and
upward is flexion.
extension - Answer - brings bones away from each other,
-straightens or opening joint. (Ex. elbow away from shoulder)
-sagittal plane
,- Exceptions: Hip and Shoulder Joints - where a return movement of humerus/ femur
downward is considered extension
adduction - Answer -moves toward axis of trunk
- medially towards midline.
- frontal plane.
-ex. lowering arms to side or leg back to position
abduction - Answer -movement away from axis of trunk.
- ex raising arms horizantally, leg sideways and scapula away from spinal column
Lateral flexion - Answer axial skeleton. ex. vertebral or column or neck bending to side
Lateral/ external Rotation - Answer - rotation on axis of bone away from the body
ex. humerus rotating outward.
appendicular skeleton.
Refers to hip or shoulder joints
medial/ internal rotation - Answer - rotation of joints of bone toward the body
- ex. humerus turned inward
appendicular skeleton. refers to shoulder/ hip joints swinging limbs medially towards
midline.
Protraction - Answer "Protrude" scapula, jaw or head moving anteriorly
retraction - Answer "retreat" head, jaw or scapula move posteriorly
elevation - Answer when jaw or scapula move superiorly
depression - Answer when jaw or scapula move inferiorly
upward rotation of scapula - Answer the rotation upwards of the scapulae when arms lift
up, movement of tilting glenoid fossa superiorly
downward rotation of scapula - Answer rotary movement of scapula medially and
downwards. Tilting the downward glenoid fossa inferiorly.
dorsiflexion - Answer - movement of top of the foot closer to the tibialis anterior bone.
plantarflexion - Answer -movement of sole of foot down toward the floor. Ankle
movement
origin of pyramidalis (2) PP - Answer 1. pubic symphysis. 2. pubic bone
pyramidalis actions (4) cest - Answer 1. compresses abdomen
2. active in forced expiration
, 3. supports abdominal viscera
4. tenses linea alba
transversus abdominis origins (4) RITI - Answer 1) Ribs - lowest 6
2) Inguinal ligament - lateral 1/3
3) Thoracolumbar facscia
4) Iliac Crest - Ilium - Ant 2/3 - inner lip
transverus abdominis actions (2) CF - Answer 1) Constricts abdominal viscera
2) Forced Expiration (assists)
serratus posterior superior origins (2) SL - Answer 1. Spinous processes - C7-T3
2. Ligamentum nuchae - lower part
serratus posterior superior insertion (1) - Answer Ribs 2-5 - superior borders distal to
angles
serratus posterior superior - actions (2) - Answer 1. elevates ribs during inspiration
2. muscle of respiration
serratus posterior inferior origins (2) - Answer 1. Thoracolumbar fascia
2. Spinous processes of t11-l3
serratus posterior inferior insertion (1) - Answer lowest 4 ribs. inferior borders just
beyond angles
serratus posterior inferior actions (2) - Answer 1. assists in respiration
2. counters the pull of the diaphragm by drawing the ribs inferiorly and posteriorly
ideal alignment of head - posterior view - Answer neutral. neither tilted nor rotated
ideal posterior alignment cervical spine - Answer straight
ideal posterior alignment of shoulders - Answer level not elevated or depressed
ideal posterior of scapulae (3) - Answer 1.neutral.
2. medial borders parallel
3. to 4 inches apart.
ideal posterior alignment of thoracic and lumbar spine - Answer straight
ideal posterior alignment of pelvis (2) - Answer 1. Level.
2. both posterior superior iliac spines in same transverse plane
ideal posterior alignment of hip joints (2) - Answer 1. Neutral
2. Neither adducted or abducted
With Verified Solutions
What is the 2 origins of Gluteus Medius? (IG) - Answer 1. Ilium: From Iliac Crest
(Between Posterior + anterior Gluteal Lines) - Outer Surface
2. Gluteal Aponeurosis
What are the actions of Rhomboid Minor? (3) (RED) - Answer 1. Retraction
2. Elevation
3. Downward Rotation of Scapulae (Assists)
Origin of Pectoralis Major Sternal Division. (3) SEC - Answer 1. Sternum to 7th Rib
2. Cartilages of True Ribs (1-7)
3. Aponeurosis of External Abdominal Obliques
What is the origin of the Long Head of Triceps Brachii? - Answer Infraglenoid tubercle -
Scapulae
What are the actions of the lower trapezius? 4 IRUDE - Answer 1. Inferior Stabilization
of Scapula
2. Retraction
3. Upward Rotation
4. Depression
5. Extension (assists the spine)
Origins Rhomboid Minor (2) - Answer 1. C7 T1 Spinous processes
2. Ligamentum Nuchae - Lower Part
Insertion Middle Trapezius (1) - Answer Spine of Scapula Superior Border
Origin Supraspinatus (1) - Answer Supraspinous fossa medial 2/3
Action of External Intercostals - Answer Elevates Ribs during Inspiration
Origin of External Intercostals - Answer Inferior border of rib above
Ventral - Answer Near Front of Body
Opposite of Dorsal
Anterior
,Actions Levatores Costarum Longis (4) REEL - Answer 1. Spinal Rotation to other Side
2. Elevates Ribs during Inspiration
3. Extension Spine
4. Lateral Flexion of Spine
Actions Gemellus Superior (3) HAL - Answer 1. Horizantal Extension
2. Abduction - Flexed thigh at Hip
3. Lateral Roation - Extended thigh at hip
Actions Upper Trapezius (3) RUE - Answer 1. Rotation Upward Scapulae
2. Elevation Scapulae
3. Retraction (along w/ other Trapezius)
Insertion Lower Trapezius (1) - Answer Spine of Scapulae Medial 1/3
Serratus Anterior Actions (3) PUS - Answer 1. Protraction Scapulae
2. Upward rotation Scapulae
3. Stabilization of MEDIAL /vertebral border of scapula THORACIC CAGE along with
RHOMBOIDS and MIDDLE trapezius
Adductor Longus Actions (3) FAM - Answer 1. Flexion thigh at Hip (Assists)
2. Adduction
3. Medial Rotation
Isotonic contraction - Answer CONSTANT TENSION in muscle as it changes in
LENGTH. Can be eccentric or concentric.
isometric contraction - Answer Generates Force in muscle with no change in length. Ex.
Grip Strength
Concentric Contraction - Answer Muscles SHORTEN while generating force
overcoming resistance.
Eccentric Contraction (3) - Answer 1) Muscle LENGTHENS while it's still generating
force. 2) The resistance is greater than the force generated. 3) Can be voluntary or
involuntary.
flexion - Answer def:
- Bending
- Bringing the brings bones closer together joint. sagittal plane
- Exception is Shoulder + Hip Joints > Movement of femur or humerus to the front and
upward is flexion.
extension - Answer - brings bones away from each other,
-straightens or opening joint. (Ex. elbow away from shoulder)
-sagittal plane
,- Exceptions: Hip and Shoulder Joints - where a return movement of humerus/ femur
downward is considered extension
adduction - Answer -moves toward axis of trunk
- medially towards midline.
- frontal plane.
-ex. lowering arms to side or leg back to position
abduction - Answer -movement away from axis of trunk.
- ex raising arms horizantally, leg sideways and scapula away from spinal column
Lateral flexion - Answer axial skeleton. ex. vertebral or column or neck bending to side
Lateral/ external Rotation - Answer - rotation on axis of bone away from the body
ex. humerus rotating outward.
appendicular skeleton.
Refers to hip or shoulder joints
medial/ internal rotation - Answer - rotation of joints of bone toward the body
- ex. humerus turned inward
appendicular skeleton. refers to shoulder/ hip joints swinging limbs medially towards
midline.
Protraction - Answer "Protrude" scapula, jaw or head moving anteriorly
retraction - Answer "retreat" head, jaw or scapula move posteriorly
elevation - Answer when jaw or scapula move superiorly
depression - Answer when jaw or scapula move inferiorly
upward rotation of scapula - Answer the rotation upwards of the scapulae when arms lift
up, movement of tilting glenoid fossa superiorly
downward rotation of scapula - Answer rotary movement of scapula medially and
downwards. Tilting the downward glenoid fossa inferiorly.
dorsiflexion - Answer - movement of top of the foot closer to the tibialis anterior bone.
plantarflexion - Answer -movement of sole of foot down toward the floor. Ankle
movement
origin of pyramidalis (2) PP - Answer 1. pubic symphysis. 2. pubic bone
pyramidalis actions (4) cest - Answer 1. compresses abdomen
2. active in forced expiration
, 3. supports abdominal viscera
4. tenses linea alba
transversus abdominis origins (4) RITI - Answer 1) Ribs - lowest 6
2) Inguinal ligament - lateral 1/3
3) Thoracolumbar facscia
4) Iliac Crest - Ilium - Ant 2/3 - inner lip
transverus abdominis actions (2) CF - Answer 1) Constricts abdominal viscera
2) Forced Expiration (assists)
serratus posterior superior origins (2) SL - Answer 1. Spinous processes - C7-T3
2. Ligamentum nuchae - lower part
serratus posterior superior insertion (1) - Answer Ribs 2-5 - superior borders distal to
angles
serratus posterior superior - actions (2) - Answer 1. elevates ribs during inspiration
2. muscle of respiration
serratus posterior inferior origins (2) - Answer 1. Thoracolumbar fascia
2. Spinous processes of t11-l3
serratus posterior inferior insertion (1) - Answer lowest 4 ribs. inferior borders just
beyond angles
serratus posterior inferior actions (2) - Answer 1. assists in respiration
2. counters the pull of the diaphragm by drawing the ribs inferiorly and posteriorly
ideal alignment of head - posterior view - Answer neutral. neither tilted nor rotated
ideal posterior alignment cervical spine - Answer straight
ideal posterior alignment of shoulders - Answer level not elevated or depressed
ideal posterior of scapulae (3) - Answer 1.neutral.
2. medial borders parallel
3. to 4 inches apart.
ideal posterior alignment of thoracic and lumbar spine - Answer straight
ideal posterior alignment of pelvis (2) - Answer 1. Level.
2. both posterior superior iliac spines in same transverse plane
ideal posterior alignment of hip joints (2) - Answer 1. Neutral
2. Neither adducted or abducted
