1
MRCS part A NOTES
By Dr.Firas Alwazny
ARDS : causes decrease lung compliance
Peptic ulcer can cause urinary tract stone due to milk alkile syndrome
M2 AMA (Antimitochondrial antibodies) is highly indicative of primary
biliary cirrhosis .
The most common bone tumer under age 21 years is osteochondroma
“exostosis”
Blue small round cells in bone , pain swelling , small age , onion skin
appearance of bone = ewing’s tumor
Human albumin solution can cause hypernatremia
Haematocolpos = imperforated hymen
Endometrial hyperplasia associated with fibrothecoma
Lentigo maligna = melanoma in face
Acral melanomas = palm and sole
Antimicrosomal antibody = hashimoto thyroiditis
Anticentromer antibody = scleroderma
Antimitochondria antibody = primary biliary cirrhosis
cANCA = Wegener’s granulomatosis
pANCA = Churg-Strauss syndrome
Low-frequency waves are detected in the scala tympani, high--frequency
waves are detected in the scala vestibuli. Both contain perilymph.
Firas Alwazny @ Facebook
, 2
The scala media is filled with potassium-rich endolymph. Normal hearing
frequency ranges from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
Hepatocellular ca presents below the age of 50s
Giant cell tumor : lytic lesion in epiphysis extend to soft tissue affect
medle age , with pain and swelling
the presence of sclerosing cholangitis is indicative of ulcerative colitis
heparin ; Prevents activation factors 2,9,10,11
warfarin ; Affects synthesis of factors 2,7,9,10
DIC ; Factors 1,2,5,8,11
Protein C is a vitamin K dependent substance
IV Pamidronate IV Zoledronate for hypercalcemia
First line management for hypercalcemia is iv fluid N/S
Mnemonic to remember causes of right shift of the oxygen dissociation
curve:
CADET face RIGHT
C O2
A cidosis
2,3-DPG
E xercise
T emperature
Action of furosemide = ascending limb of the loop of Henle
thiazide type diuretics in the distal tubule
potassium sparing diuretics cortical collecting tubule.
TUMOR MARKERS
Firas Alwazny @ Facebook
, 3
Breast 15-3
Pancrease 19-9
Ovary 125
Colone CEA
modified Glasgow criteria enable early diagnosis of severe acute
pancreatitis : age , glucose , wbc , ca , asp , LDH , urea , O2 , albumin
low serum-ascites albumin gradient (<1.1) indicates an exudate
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is currently the most precise and
accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis.
MEN syndrome !!!!
Inflammatory bowel disease !!!
Factors V and VIII are sensitive to temperature
Drugs causing SIADH : ABCD
A nalgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
B arbiturates
C yclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
D iuretic (thiazides)
Diagnosing dehydration can be complicated, laboratory features
include:
o Hypernatraemia
o Rising haematocrit
o Metabolic acidosis
o Rising lactate
o Increased serum urea to creatinine ratio
o Urinary sodium <20 mmol/litre
o Urine osmolality approaching 1200mosmol/kg
Firas Alwazny @ Facebook
MRCS part A NOTES
By Dr.Firas Alwazny
ARDS : causes decrease lung compliance
Peptic ulcer can cause urinary tract stone due to milk alkile syndrome
M2 AMA (Antimitochondrial antibodies) is highly indicative of primary
biliary cirrhosis .
The most common bone tumer under age 21 years is osteochondroma
“exostosis”
Blue small round cells in bone , pain swelling , small age , onion skin
appearance of bone = ewing’s tumor
Human albumin solution can cause hypernatremia
Haematocolpos = imperforated hymen
Endometrial hyperplasia associated with fibrothecoma
Lentigo maligna = melanoma in face
Acral melanomas = palm and sole
Antimicrosomal antibody = hashimoto thyroiditis
Anticentromer antibody = scleroderma
Antimitochondria antibody = primary biliary cirrhosis
cANCA = Wegener’s granulomatosis
pANCA = Churg-Strauss syndrome
Low-frequency waves are detected in the scala tympani, high--frequency
waves are detected in the scala vestibuli. Both contain perilymph.
Firas Alwazny @ Facebook
, 2
The scala media is filled with potassium-rich endolymph. Normal hearing
frequency ranges from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
Hepatocellular ca presents below the age of 50s
Giant cell tumor : lytic lesion in epiphysis extend to soft tissue affect
medle age , with pain and swelling
the presence of sclerosing cholangitis is indicative of ulcerative colitis
heparin ; Prevents activation factors 2,9,10,11
warfarin ; Affects synthesis of factors 2,7,9,10
DIC ; Factors 1,2,5,8,11
Protein C is a vitamin K dependent substance
IV Pamidronate IV Zoledronate for hypercalcemia
First line management for hypercalcemia is iv fluid N/S
Mnemonic to remember causes of right shift of the oxygen dissociation
curve:
CADET face RIGHT
C O2
A cidosis
2,3-DPG
E xercise
T emperature
Action of furosemide = ascending limb of the loop of Henle
thiazide type diuretics in the distal tubule
potassium sparing diuretics cortical collecting tubule.
TUMOR MARKERS
Firas Alwazny @ Facebook
, 3
Breast 15-3
Pancrease 19-9
Ovary 125
Colone CEA
modified Glasgow criteria enable early diagnosis of severe acute
pancreatitis : age , glucose , wbc , ca , asp , LDH , urea , O2 , albumin
low serum-ascites albumin gradient (<1.1) indicates an exudate
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is currently the most precise and
accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis.
MEN syndrome !!!!
Inflammatory bowel disease !!!
Factors V and VIII are sensitive to temperature
Drugs causing SIADH : ABCD
A nalgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
B arbiturates
C yclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
D iuretic (thiazides)
Diagnosing dehydration can be complicated, laboratory features
include:
o Hypernatraemia
o Rising haematocrit
o Metabolic acidosis
o Rising lactate
o Increased serum urea to creatinine ratio
o Urinary sodium <20 mmol/litre
o Urine osmolality approaching 1200mosmol/kg
Firas Alwazny @ Facebook
