NDAEB exam review- ORAL ANATOMY 2.1.

NDAEB exam review- ORAL ANATOMY 2.1. The entire oral cavity is lined with ______ ______tissue. This type of tissue is moist and is adapted to meet the needs of the area it covers. mucous membrane The oral cavity consists of the following two areas: 1.The vestibule 2.The oral cavity proper The _________ is the space between the teeth and the inner mucosal lining of the lips and tongue. The vestibule . The base of each vestibule, where the buccal mucosa meets the alveolar mucosa, is called the mucobuccal fold A distinct line of color change can be seen in the tissue where the alveolar membrane meets... Mucoginigival Junction The vestibular mucosa is ____,____,and ______ bound to underlying alveolar bone. thin, red and loosely The inside surfaces of the cheeks form the side walls of the oral cavity. The_____ _____ is the area between the cheeks and the teeth or alveolar ridge. buccal vestibule A small elevation of tissue called the _______ ______is located on the inner surface of the cheek on the buccal mucosa, just opposite the second maxillary molar. It protects the opening of the parotid duct (Stensen's duct) of the parotid salivary gland parotid papilla ______ _______begins on the inside of the lips and then extends from the lips onto the alveolar process of both arches intraoral vestibule _______ _____ are normal, small, yellowish elevations that may appear on the buccal mucosa. Fordyce's spots This white ridge of raised tissue extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together linea alba What is a frenum? is a narrow band of tissue that connects two structures. The maxillary _______ _______ passes from the oral mucosa at the midline of the maxillary arch to the midline of the inner surface of the upper lip. labial frenum The mandibular ______ _____ passes from the oral mucosa at the midline of the mandibular arch to the midline of the inner surface of the lower lip. mandibular labial frenum In the area of the first maxillary permanent molar, the ______ ______passes from the oral mucosa of the outer surface of the maxillary arch to the inner surface of the cheek. buccal frenum The ____ ______passes from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the ventral border of the tongue lingual frenum The _______, is masticatory mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth gingiva (gums) Normal gingival tissue has the following characteristics: •Gingiva surrounds the tooth like a collar and is self-cleansing. •Gingiva is firm and resistant and can be tightly adapted to the tooth and bone. •Surfaces of the attached gingiva and interdental papillae are stippled and resemble the rind of an orange. _______ _____, - is the border of the gingiva that surrounds the teeth in collar-like fashion, -Is the first tissue to respond to inflammation -is usually light pink or coral, -is not bound to the underlying tissue of the tooth. -also known as marginal gingiva or free gingiva Unattached gingiva, The,______ ______ is the extension of the free gingiva that fills the interproximal embrasure between two adjacent teeth. also known as " interdental papilla" interdental gingiva The _____ _____ is a shallow groove that runs parallel to the margin of the unattached gingiva and marks the beginning of the attached gingiva. gingival groove The _____ _____ extends from the base of the sulcus to the mucogingival junction. It is a stippled, dense tissue that is self-protecting, firmly bound, and resilient. attached gingiva The _________ is the space on the tongue side within the upper and lower dental arches. Oral cavity proper The ____ ______separates the nasal cavity above from the oral cavity below hard palate Surface features of the hard Palate Incisive papilla, palatal rugae, midline palatal raphe, ducts for the palatal glands Behind the maxillary central incisors is the _____ _____ a pear-shaped pad of tissue that covers the incisive foramen. incisive papilla, 1. Palatal Rugae 2. Incisive papilla 3.Median Palatine raphe 4. ducts for palatal gland al(palatal) gingiva . Extending laterally from the incisive papilla are irregular ridges or folds of masticatory mucosa, called ______ ____ palatal rugae Running posteriorly from the incisive papilla is the ______ ____ ______ midline palatal raphe. Numerous minor open onto the palatal mucosa as small pits. palatal glands The ____ ____ -is the movable posterior third of the palate -It has no bony support and hangs into the pharynx behind it. -ends with a pear-shaped hanging projection of tissue, called the uvula soft palate The soft palate is supported posteriorly by two arches, the_______ the fauces. The anterior arch runs from the soft palate down to the lateral aspects of the tongue as the ____ _____ _____ anterior faucial pillar. The posterior arch is the free posterior border of the soft palate and is called the ____ ____ _____ posterior faucial pillar The opening between the two arches, called the isthmus of fauces, contains the ______ ______ palatine tonsil. The soft palatal features are 1. soft palate ior faucial pillar rior faucial pillar rior wall of pharynx ine tonsil 6.Uvula The ______ is -composed mainly of muscles. -covered on top with a thick layer of mucous membrane and thousands of tiny projections called papillae. -body's most versatile organs tongue - ________ are the sensory organs and nerves for both taste and touch. - are usually pinkish-white and velvety smooth papillae responsible for a number of functions 1) speaking, (2) positioning food while eating, (3) tasting and tactile sensations, (4) swallowing, and (5) cleansing the oral cavity. The anterior two thirds of the tongue, called the____, is found in the oral cavity. body The _____ __ __ _____is the posterior part that turns vertically downward to the pharynx. root of the tongue The_____comprises the superior and posterior roughened aspects of the tongue. It is covered with small papillae of various shapes and colors dorsum The ________of the tongue is covered with thin, smooth, transparent mucosa through which many underlying vessels can be seen sublingual surface Two small papillae are seen on either side of the lingual frenulum (frenum) just behind the central incisors. Through these papillae into the mouth are the openings of the _________ ________ The saliva enters the oral cavity through these ducts. submandibular ducts. On either side of the lingual surface are two smaller _______ ____ . The lingual frenum is the thin fold of mucous membrane that extends from the floor of the mouth to the underside of the tongue. fimbriated folds When working in a patient's mouth, the dental assistant must be very careful not to accidentally trigger the gag reflex. Touching the membranes of the _______ _______, __________, and the________ _________ of the _______ can trigger the gag reflex and may cause gagging or vomiting. soft palate, the fauces, and the posterior portion of the tongue Mobility of the tongue can be severely limited when the lingual frenum is unusually short. When this occurs, speech can be difficult for the patient, and performing dental procedures. The condition is commonly called _____ _____ and it can be easily corrected through a surgical procedure called a _______ _________, during which the lingual frenulum is cut. "tongue tied," lingual frenectomy The taste buds are the organs that allow us to enjoy the flavors of food and that give us warning when foods are too hot. They are located on the dorsum of the tongue. What is necessary to stimulate the taste buds to detect flavors? and why? . Saliva If your mouth were dry, you would not be able to taste anything taste buds are located on the ________ ________and in the trough of the large _______ _____ which form a V on the posterior portion of the tongue. fungiform papillae vallate papillae, The sense of touch is provided by numerous _____ _____that cover the entire surface of the tongue and contain no taste receptors. filiform papillae four primary tastes combine to create all flavors. These primary tastes are ____ ______ _____ and _____ salty, sweet, sour, and bitter. permanent dentition is divided into four types of teeth: