CCHT reviewed exam with elaborated answers 2024/2025

CCHT reviewed exam with elaborated answers 2024/2025 The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work, is the: - CORRECT ANSWER-Nephron A nephron is made up of: - CORRECT ANSWER-A glomerulus and a tubule The endocrine functions of the kidney includes: - CORRECT ANSWER-Making erythropoietin and the active form of vitamin D The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease for adult in the United States is: - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by: - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperphosphatemia Why do kidney patients often have bone disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include: - CORRECT ANSWERAnorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that: - CORRECT ANSWER-Allow for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles: - CORRECT ANSWER-From an area of higher concentration Negative pressure is pressure created when: - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid is pulled through a restriction During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when: - CORRECT ANSWER-Water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER-The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER-High concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance includes: - CORRECT ANSWER-Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include: - CORRECT ANSWER-Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that help remove waiste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What are the substances that might be prescribed for a dialysate solution? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures: - CORRECT ANSWER-The total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause: - CORRECT ANSWER-Headache, high BP, and shriveling of RBCs (crenation) Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause: - CORRECT ANSWER-Vomiting, confusion, irritability Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause: - CORRECT ANSWER-Low BP, cramping, and bursting of RBCs (hemolysis) Things that affect dialysis adequacy are: - CORRECT ANSWER--Treatment time -BFR -DFR -Dialyzer clotting/inadequate hepari