NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm exam with questions and 100% accurate
answers graded a+
Asthma - correct answer-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - correct answer-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - correct answer--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - correct answer-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - correct answer-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - correct answer-the middle layer of the bronchioles
,structure of the lamina propria - correct answer-embedded with connective tissue cells
and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - correct answer-white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - correct answer-the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer-columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer-smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - correct answer-control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - correct answer-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like
it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air
inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - correct answer-the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - correct answer--expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
, What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - correct answer-tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - correct answer-These drugs block the effects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct answer-the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic
receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - correct answer-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - correct answer-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - correct answer-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - correct answer-cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
answers graded a+
Asthma - correct answer-Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - correct answer-coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - correct answer--airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - correct answer-smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - correct answer-innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - correct answer-the middle layer of the bronchioles
,structure of the lamina propria - correct answer-embedded with connective tissue cells
and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - correct answer-white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - correct answer-the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer-columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - correct answer-smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - correct answer-control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - correct answer-When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like
it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air
inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - correct answer-the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - correct answer--expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
, What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - correct answer-tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - correct answer-These drugs block the effects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct answer-the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic
receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - correct answer-inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - correct answer-bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - correct answer-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - correct answer-cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
