FP-C Review Questions and Answers.
MAP -
[(2 x DBP) + SBP] / 3
Average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle.
Kehr's Sign -
Shoulder pain as referred pain due to blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity. Left
shoulder pain is classic of splenic injury.
Parkland Formula -
4ml x kg x BSA = fluid in 24 hrs, half in first 8.
Do not count 1st degree BSA.
Consensus Formula -
2-4ml x kg x BSA = fluid in 24 hrs, half in first 8.
Do not count 1st degree BSA.
Electrical Alternans -
An ECG phenomenon of alternating QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats
(high, low, high). Also a wandering baseline may be seen. It is seen in cardiac
tamponade and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular electrical axis due
to fluid in the pericardium.
Potassium -
3.5 to 5.0
Major intracellular cation (+)
Hamman's Sign -
A crunching sound auscultated on the anterior chest wall and is synchronized to the
patient's heartbeat. Often associated with tracheobronchial injury.
Beck's Triad -
Signs of cardiac tamponade: low arterial blood pressure, JVD (unless the patient is
hypovolemic), and distant, muffled heart sounds. Pulsus paradoxus, a fall in the systolic
blood pressure >15 mmHg during normal inspiration and a narrowing pulse pressure
may also be observed.
Bariobariatrauma -
,Nitrogen release in obese patients during ascent. Administer high flow oxygen 15
minutes prior to lift off to wash out nitrogen
ELT Frequency -
121.5
Sodium -
135 to 145
Major extracellular cation (+)
Chloride -
95 to 107
Major extracellular anion (-)
Phlebostatic Axis -
Point where pressure measurements are made with invasive lines. Fourth intercostal
space, level of atria.
Barotitis Media -
Middle ear pain that can affect the patient during descent.
Barondontalgia -
Toothache that can affect the patient during ascent as trapped gases in dental work
expand.
Newtons First Law -
An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
Newtons Second Law -
Force = mass x acceleration
Newtons Third Law -
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Hypoventilation causes... -
Decreased minute volume, CO2 retention, pH reduction, respiratory acidosis. (Opioid
overdose)
Leftward shift... -
Low temp, low 2-3 DPG (massive infusion), aLkalosis, Lots of CO
Rightward shift... -
Raised temp, raised 2-3 DPG, raised acidosis, reduced oxygenation
Lactate -
0.7-2.1
, Greater than 4 is clinically significant for shock.
A PaCO2 decrease of 10mmHg causes... -
pH increase of 0.8, K decrease of 0.5
Normal minute volume -
4-8 L/min
Normal tidal volume -
6-10 ml/kg
ARDS Tidal Volume -
4-6 ml/kg
Dead Space Calculation -
Roughly 1/3 tidal volume (1 ml/lb)
Target P-Plat -
30-35
Parity (Para) -
Number of live deliveries over 28 weeks.
Gravida -
Total number of pregnancies.
Preterm (definition) -
< 36 weeks gestation or < 5 lbs at birth.
Eclampsia -
Seizures.
May occur after delivery.
Treat with magnesium sulfate.
Pre-Eclampsia -
Proteinurea, HTN (> 140/90), edema, HA, visual changes, ABD pain.
Magnesium Toxicity -
Absence of DTR, decreased respiration, or resp. arrest.
Treat with calcium gluconate 1 gm.
Tocolytics -
Inhibits uterine contraction (use in preterm labor). Common medications include
terbutaline, magnesium sulfate, nifedipine.
Normal fetal heart rate -
MAP -
[(2 x DBP) + SBP] / 3
Average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle.
Kehr's Sign -
Shoulder pain as referred pain due to blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity. Left
shoulder pain is classic of splenic injury.
Parkland Formula -
4ml x kg x BSA = fluid in 24 hrs, half in first 8.
Do not count 1st degree BSA.
Consensus Formula -
2-4ml x kg x BSA = fluid in 24 hrs, half in first 8.
Do not count 1st degree BSA.
Electrical Alternans -
An ECG phenomenon of alternating QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats
(high, low, high). Also a wandering baseline may be seen. It is seen in cardiac
tamponade and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular electrical axis due
to fluid in the pericardium.
Potassium -
3.5 to 5.0
Major intracellular cation (+)
Hamman's Sign -
A crunching sound auscultated on the anterior chest wall and is synchronized to the
patient's heartbeat. Often associated with tracheobronchial injury.
Beck's Triad -
Signs of cardiac tamponade: low arterial blood pressure, JVD (unless the patient is
hypovolemic), and distant, muffled heart sounds. Pulsus paradoxus, a fall in the systolic
blood pressure >15 mmHg during normal inspiration and a narrowing pulse pressure
may also be observed.
Bariobariatrauma -
,Nitrogen release in obese patients during ascent. Administer high flow oxygen 15
minutes prior to lift off to wash out nitrogen
ELT Frequency -
121.5
Sodium -
135 to 145
Major extracellular cation (+)
Chloride -
95 to 107
Major extracellular anion (-)
Phlebostatic Axis -
Point where pressure measurements are made with invasive lines. Fourth intercostal
space, level of atria.
Barotitis Media -
Middle ear pain that can affect the patient during descent.
Barondontalgia -
Toothache that can affect the patient during ascent as trapped gases in dental work
expand.
Newtons First Law -
An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
Newtons Second Law -
Force = mass x acceleration
Newtons Third Law -
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Hypoventilation causes... -
Decreased minute volume, CO2 retention, pH reduction, respiratory acidosis. (Opioid
overdose)
Leftward shift... -
Low temp, low 2-3 DPG (massive infusion), aLkalosis, Lots of CO
Rightward shift... -
Raised temp, raised 2-3 DPG, raised acidosis, reduced oxygenation
Lactate -
0.7-2.1
, Greater than 4 is clinically significant for shock.
A PaCO2 decrease of 10mmHg causes... -
pH increase of 0.8, K decrease of 0.5
Normal minute volume -
4-8 L/min
Normal tidal volume -
6-10 ml/kg
ARDS Tidal Volume -
4-6 ml/kg
Dead Space Calculation -
Roughly 1/3 tidal volume (1 ml/lb)
Target P-Plat -
30-35
Parity (Para) -
Number of live deliveries over 28 weeks.
Gravida -
Total number of pregnancies.
Preterm (definition) -
< 36 weeks gestation or < 5 lbs at birth.
Eclampsia -
Seizures.
May occur after delivery.
Treat with magnesium sulfate.
Pre-Eclampsia -
Proteinurea, HTN (> 140/90), edema, HA, visual changes, ABD pain.
Magnesium Toxicity -
Absence of DTR, decreased respiration, or resp. arrest.
Treat with calcium gluconate 1 gm.
Tocolytics -
Inhibits uterine contraction (use in preterm labor). Common medications include
terbutaline, magnesium sulfate, nifedipine.
Normal fetal heart rate -
