ARDMS- Sonography Principles and
Instrumentation Exam prep, 307 Questions and
Correct Answers, 2024/2025.
What is the Standard protocol for digital imaging that allows for compatibility and communication
between computers, workstations, and network hardware provided by various manufactures of CT,
MRI and Ultrasound equipment?
DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
The spatial pulse length decreases
with higher frequency
Axial resolution is improved by
damping
......(because it INCREASES the frequency)
Think SHORT and HIGH ! Like Axl Rose from Guns n Roses- just google him.
Lateral resolution is improved by
decreasing the beam diameter
**Tested at point BandE on the phantom
The beam of an unfocused transducer diverges where?
In the Fraunhofer zone
Reverberation artifacts are a result of
The presence of two or more strong reflecting surfaces
Recommendations for reducing the potential for bioeffects using the ALARA principal is to -
Increase receiver gain, decrease output power
What technique can be employed to reduce grating side lobes?
Apodization, harmonics, subdicing
"grate off that Ahs!" think skinny..
Presence of grating lobe and side lobe artifacts are what type of resolution issue?
Lateral resolution
A technique that uses an ensemble of pulses to improve penetration and contrast resolution
CE - Coded excitation
,If a patient is wheeled over from the ER(other dept.) without an ID band, but is a STAT for r/o DVT-
Send them back for appropriate identification measures and tagging. Trust NO ONE! Patients Lie/have
altered mental status, nurses are rushed. Just send them back for it to be done correctly.
Decreasing the spatial pulse length improves
axial resolution
How much will a 3.5 MHz pulse be attenuated after passing through 2 cm of soft tissue?
3.5 dB
(freq / 2) x path length cm = total attenuation dB/cm
Which of the following is the role of the pulse?
A. voltage generation to drive the transducer
B. gain adjustment for the receiver
C. beam focusing
D. beam steering
Voltage generation to drive the transducer
A long near zone can be obtained by -
using a higher frequency transducer
Propagation speed errors result in
improper axial position
Enhancement is caused by
weakly attenuating structures (such as a cyst)
The doppler shift frequency is directly proportional to
the velocity of the reflector
The number of frames per second necessary for a real-time image to be flicker free is
>15 - 30 FPS
Any patient who does not speak English clearly, but presents for a procedure requiring a consent form
- What is the most appropriate step?
Use a certified language line interpreter.
The Intensity of the ultrasound beam is usually greater at the Focal zone because of
Smaller beam diameter!!
Focal zone-where the glare of the beam narrows and the Intensity is great!
If the amplitude is doubled, the intensity is
,quadrupled (increased by 4 times- because they are proportional)
Crank up the AMP! and things get INTENSE too!
The attenuation for soft tissue is increased with
tissue thickness
The acoustic impedance of the matching layer
can be chosen to improve transmission into the body
What is the first step required prior to starting any procedure?
Verify Name, DOB, and medical record number. Those are the 3 basic required identifiers every time.
The operating frequency depends on
the thickness of the crystal.
Thickness = 1/2 the wavelength
The period of an ultrasound wave is
time to complete one cycle
(Just like a lady..)
The dynamic range of a system
is the ratio of smallest to largest power level that the system can handle
The digital imaging system that allows MRI, CT, ultrasound and xray to store images electronically and
viewed remotely-
PACS
Increasing the pulse repetition period
increases the maximum depth that can be imaged-(decreases PRF)
*Includes increasing listening time, thus spaced out pulses, lower frequency.
Ultrasound bioeffects with an unfocused beam are not confirmed below :
100 mW/cm^2 spatial peak temporal average (SPTA)
When can an informed consent be revoked?
at any time
When should ultrasound probes be disinfected?
Before and after each use.
Don't be gross. Clean it like your hands.
Define autocorrelation
mathematical process that analyzes the change in doppler shift over a short time
, Stable cavitation refers to
microbubbles that oscillate without collapsing with variations in sound pressure
Which is the least likely to cause Bio-effects?
A. Power Output
B. Thermal Index
C. Exam Time
D. High-Frequency Transducer
E. Mechanical Index
High Frequency Transducer
Harmonic Frequencies are derived from
non-linear or asymmetrical wave propagation
Propagation speed is determined by
Tissue Medium only - density and stiffness
What is the equivalent to the prefix giga
10^9
What % of intensity of an ultrasound pulse incident on an interface of 0.25 and 0.75 rayls is reflected?
25%
Reflection%= { (z2-z1) / (z2+z1) } squared x 100
Axial resolution can be improved by
shorten the spatial pulse length
shorten pulse duration
higher frequency transducers (damping)
When particle motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of a wave propagation, what is the
wave being transmitted called?
Longitudinal wave
When particle motion of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of a wave propagation, what is
the wave being transmitted called?
Transverse wave or shear wave
The wavelength in a material having a wave velocity of 1,500 m/s employing a transducer frequency of
5MHz is
0.3 mm
Wavelength (mm) = Velocity (mm/microsec) /Frequency (MHz)
Instrumentation Exam prep, 307 Questions and
Correct Answers, 2024/2025.
What is the Standard protocol for digital imaging that allows for compatibility and communication
between computers, workstations, and network hardware provided by various manufactures of CT,
MRI and Ultrasound equipment?
DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
The spatial pulse length decreases
with higher frequency
Axial resolution is improved by
damping
......(because it INCREASES the frequency)
Think SHORT and HIGH ! Like Axl Rose from Guns n Roses- just google him.
Lateral resolution is improved by
decreasing the beam diameter
**Tested at point BandE on the phantom
The beam of an unfocused transducer diverges where?
In the Fraunhofer zone
Reverberation artifacts are a result of
The presence of two or more strong reflecting surfaces
Recommendations for reducing the potential for bioeffects using the ALARA principal is to -
Increase receiver gain, decrease output power
What technique can be employed to reduce grating side lobes?
Apodization, harmonics, subdicing
"grate off that Ahs!" think skinny..
Presence of grating lobe and side lobe artifacts are what type of resolution issue?
Lateral resolution
A technique that uses an ensemble of pulses to improve penetration and contrast resolution
CE - Coded excitation
,If a patient is wheeled over from the ER(other dept.) without an ID band, but is a STAT for r/o DVT-
Send them back for appropriate identification measures and tagging. Trust NO ONE! Patients Lie/have
altered mental status, nurses are rushed. Just send them back for it to be done correctly.
Decreasing the spatial pulse length improves
axial resolution
How much will a 3.5 MHz pulse be attenuated after passing through 2 cm of soft tissue?
3.5 dB
(freq / 2) x path length cm = total attenuation dB/cm
Which of the following is the role of the pulse?
A. voltage generation to drive the transducer
B. gain adjustment for the receiver
C. beam focusing
D. beam steering
Voltage generation to drive the transducer
A long near zone can be obtained by -
using a higher frequency transducer
Propagation speed errors result in
improper axial position
Enhancement is caused by
weakly attenuating structures (such as a cyst)
The doppler shift frequency is directly proportional to
the velocity of the reflector
The number of frames per second necessary for a real-time image to be flicker free is
>15 - 30 FPS
Any patient who does not speak English clearly, but presents for a procedure requiring a consent form
- What is the most appropriate step?
Use a certified language line interpreter.
The Intensity of the ultrasound beam is usually greater at the Focal zone because of
Smaller beam diameter!!
Focal zone-where the glare of the beam narrows and the Intensity is great!
If the amplitude is doubled, the intensity is
,quadrupled (increased by 4 times- because they are proportional)
Crank up the AMP! and things get INTENSE too!
The attenuation for soft tissue is increased with
tissue thickness
The acoustic impedance of the matching layer
can be chosen to improve transmission into the body
What is the first step required prior to starting any procedure?
Verify Name, DOB, and medical record number. Those are the 3 basic required identifiers every time.
The operating frequency depends on
the thickness of the crystal.
Thickness = 1/2 the wavelength
The period of an ultrasound wave is
time to complete one cycle
(Just like a lady..)
The dynamic range of a system
is the ratio of smallest to largest power level that the system can handle
The digital imaging system that allows MRI, CT, ultrasound and xray to store images electronically and
viewed remotely-
PACS
Increasing the pulse repetition period
increases the maximum depth that can be imaged-(decreases PRF)
*Includes increasing listening time, thus spaced out pulses, lower frequency.
Ultrasound bioeffects with an unfocused beam are not confirmed below :
100 mW/cm^2 spatial peak temporal average (SPTA)
When can an informed consent be revoked?
at any time
When should ultrasound probes be disinfected?
Before and after each use.
Don't be gross. Clean it like your hands.
Define autocorrelation
mathematical process that analyzes the change in doppler shift over a short time
, Stable cavitation refers to
microbubbles that oscillate without collapsing with variations in sound pressure
Which is the least likely to cause Bio-effects?
A. Power Output
B. Thermal Index
C. Exam Time
D. High-Frequency Transducer
E. Mechanical Index
High Frequency Transducer
Harmonic Frequencies are derived from
non-linear or asymmetrical wave propagation
Propagation speed is determined by
Tissue Medium only - density and stiffness
What is the equivalent to the prefix giga
10^9
What % of intensity of an ultrasound pulse incident on an interface of 0.25 and 0.75 rayls is reflected?
25%
Reflection%= { (z2-z1) / (z2+z1) } squared x 100
Axial resolution can be improved by
shorten the spatial pulse length
shorten pulse duration
higher frequency transducers (damping)
When particle motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of a wave propagation, what is the
wave being transmitted called?
Longitudinal wave
When particle motion of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of a wave propagation, what is
the wave being transmitted called?
Transverse wave or shear wave
The wavelength in a material having a wave velocity of 1,500 m/s employing a transducer frequency of
5MHz is
0.3 mm
Wavelength (mm) = Velocity (mm/microsec) /Frequency (MHz)
