RNSG 1215 Exam 3, With Complete Solution
2024/2025, 100%.
Need musculoskeletal system for
Support to stand erect
For movement
Encase and protect the inner vital organs
Produce the red blood cells in the bone marrow
Reservior for storage of essential minerals
Lasegue test
pain with straight leg raised (herniated disc)
Atrophy
to wither away
Hypertonicity
increased muscle tone
Hypotonicity
low muscle tone
Atrophied
wasted away
Hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
Hematopoiesis
Production of blood cells in bone marrow
How many bones in the body
206
Bone and cartilage
Specialized forms of connective tissue
Hard, rigid and very dense
The cells are continually turning over and remolding
Joint is
place of union of two or more bones, permit mobility
,Nonsynovial joints
bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable
Synovial joints
freely movable due to bones that are separated from each other and enclosed in a joint cavity
Synovial Fluid
Allows sliding which permits movement
What does cartilage do?
Covers the surface of opposing bones
Ligaments are
fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent
movement in undesirable directions
Bursa is
enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid, like a joint
Muscles
account for 40-50% of the bodys weight
Muscle are of three types
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Tendon is
a strong fibrous cord
Flexion
bending a limb at a joint
Extension
straightening a limb at a joint
Abduction
moving a limb away from the midline
Adduction
moving a limb toward the midline
Pronation
turning the forearm so the palm is down
, Supination
turning the forearm so the palm is up
Circumduction
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Inversion
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Eversion
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Rotation
moving the head around a central axis
Protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Elevation
raising a body part
Depression
lowering a body part
Temporomandibular joint
articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone, felt at depression anterior to the tragus of the ear
TMJ allows what motions
Hinge action to open and close the jaws
Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
Gliding for side to side movement of the lower jaw
Signs and symptoms of TMJ
Headaches
Earaches
Congestion
Ringing in ears
Clicking, popping or grating sound in the jaw
Dizziness
Pain when chewing
2024/2025, 100%.
Need musculoskeletal system for
Support to stand erect
For movement
Encase and protect the inner vital organs
Produce the red blood cells in the bone marrow
Reservior for storage of essential minerals
Lasegue test
pain with straight leg raised (herniated disc)
Atrophy
to wither away
Hypertonicity
increased muscle tone
Hypotonicity
low muscle tone
Atrophied
wasted away
Hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
Hematopoiesis
Production of blood cells in bone marrow
How many bones in the body
206
Bone and cartilage
Specialized forms of connective tissue
Hard, rigid and very dense
The cells are continually turning over and remolding
Joint is
place of union of two or more bones, permit mobility
,Nonsynovial joints
bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable
Synovial joints
freely movable due to bones that are separated from each other and enclosed in a joint cavity
Synovial Fluid
Allows sliding which permits movement
What does cartilage do?
Covers the surface of opposing bones
Ligaments are
fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent
movement in undesirable directions
Bursa is
enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid, like a joint
Muscles
account for 40-50% of the bodys weight
Muscle are of three types
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Tendon is
a strong fibrous cord
Flexion
bending a limb at a joint
Extension
straightening a limb at a joint
Abduction
moving a limb away from the midline
Adduction
moving a limb toward the midline
Pronation
turning the forearm so the palm is down
, Supination
turning the forearm so the palm is up
Circumduction
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Inversion
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Eversion
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Rotation
moving the head around a central axis
Protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Elevation
raising a body part
Depression
lowering a body part
Temporomandibular joint
articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone, felt at depression anterior to the tragus of the ear
TMJ allows what motions
Hinge action to open and close the jaws
Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
Gliding for side to side movement of the lower jaw
Signs and symptoms of TMJ
Headaches
Earaches
Congestion
Ringing in ears
Clicking, popping or grating sound in the jaw
Dizziness
Pain when chewing
