CNOR PRACTICE TEST NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

Acetylcholine competitive antagonists - ANSWERS,aptly called blocking agents; blocks acetylcholine; does not interact with receptor; all work slower than succ; larger doses of rocuronium come close Anticholinesterase - ANSWERS,non-depolarizing muscle relaxant reversal; blocks acetylcholinesterase; increases acetylcholine concentration in the neuromuscular junction and displaces the muscle relaxant from the acetylcholine receptor; has many unwanted side effects like bradycardia, bronchospasm, enhanced GI peristalsis, and enhanced oral secretions; typically combined with muscarinic antagonist like glycopyrrolate or atropine Neostigmine - ANSWERS,always mixed with glycopyrrolate, atropine effects occur before neostigmine; anticholinesterase Edrophonium - Enlon plus - ANSWERS,premixed with atropine; anticholinesterase Sugammadex - ANSWERS,selectively binds to vecuronium or rocuronium; due to its 1:1 binding, able to reverse any depth of neuromuscular block; not an anticholinesterase Halothane - ANSWERS,inhalation gas; strongest; not given anymore due to irritating the myocardium; can cause arrhythmias when given with epi Isoflurane (forane) - ANSWERS,can't use with tourniquet because of increased intracranial pressure; rapid recovery (lucid in 15-30 minutes) Seroflurane - ANSWERS,rapid onset and offset Ethrane - ANSWERS,contraindicated in people with seizures Desflurane - ANSWERS,Fastest onset and offset; coughing is common Nitrous oxide - ANSWERS,not a volatile agent; gas; odorless; can support combustion like O2; diffusion hypoxia Occupational Safety for Gases - ANSWERS,gases are exhaled in an unchanged form; if inhaled by workers, can cause headaches, irritability, cognitive changes, miscarriages, birth defects, female and male sterility, renal and hepatic disease, and cancer How many air changes per hour are there? - ANSWERS,NiOSH says 15/3 and AORN/JCO say 20/4; main issue with air changes in PACU Malignant Hyperthermia - ANSWERS,inherited syndrome; has no race boundaries; caucasians are most commonly affected; happens more frequently in children and young adults; consistently more frequent in men; pre-op assessment for risk factors Triggering an episode of MH - ANSWERS,a genetically susceptible patient; succ is one of the most common triggers, especially when used in conjunction with an inhaled anesthetic such as desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane; MH susceptible patient should never receive succ or one of those anesthetics Earliest signs of MH - ANSWERS,Trismus (jaw tightening); rapid increase in body metabolism (indicated by a rise in exhaled CO2 and metabolic acidosis, earliest consistent indicator); intense muscle rigidity; increased heart rate and increase blood pressure Late signs of MH - ANSWERS,rapidly increasing body temperature; change in color of soda line; hyperkalemia; hypoxia; myoglobinuria; cardiac arres