NR 601 MIDTERM EXAM / NR601 MIDTERM EXAM (NEW-2024) CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

1/59NR601MIDTERMEXAM/NR601MIDTERMEXAM
(NEW-2024)CHAMBERLAINCOLLEGEOFNURSING
1.Whatarethe3primaryphysiologicalchangesofaging?:ANS:
1.Reducedphysi-ologicalreserveofmostbodysystems,esp.
cardiac,resp,renal.
2.Reducedhomeostaticmechanismsthatfailtoadjustregulatory
systems(i.e.tempcontrol,fluid/lytebalance,etc.).
3.Impairedimmunologicalfunction(infectionriskisgreater,
autoimmunedz'smoreprevalent)
2.Whatisthepreferredamountofexerciseforelderly?:ANS:
30min/day5days/wkofmoderateexercise.
Iftryingtolosewt:ANS:60min/day.
3.WhatarePFTs?:ANS:Groupofteststhatprovidequantifiable
measurementoflungfunction,usedtodxrespabnormalitiesor
assessprogression/resolutionoflungdz.
4.WhatisFEV1?:ANS:ForcedExpiratoryVolumein1second(80-
120%)
5.WhatisFVC?:ANS:ForcedVitalCapacity(80-120%)
6.WhatisnormalFEV1/FVCratio?:ANS:<0.7(70%)
7.WhatisGOLD1criteria?:ANS:MildFEV1>/= 2/5980%predicted
8.WhatisGOLD2criteria?:ANS:ModerateFEV1
50-79%predicted
9.WhatisGOLD3criteria?:ANS:SevereFEV130-49%
predicted
10.WhatisGOLD4criteria?:ANS:VerysevereFEV1<30%
predicted
11.WhatarethesignalsymptomsofCOPD?:ANS:Dyspnea
Chroniccoughw/sputum
Decreased
activitytolerance
Wheezing
12.WhatarecharacteristicsofCOPD?:ANS:Common,preventable,
treatable.
Characterizedbypersistentairflowlimitation.
Usuallyprogressive,associatedwithenhancedchronicinflammatory
responseinairwaysandlungstonoxiousparticles/gases
Airwayfibrosis,luminalplugs,airwayinflammation,increasedairway
resistance,smallairwaydz. 3/59Decreasedelasticrecoilofalveoli.
13.WhatareriskfactorsforCOPD?:ANS:Smoking
(increasingw/numberofpackyears)
Secondhandsmoke
Environmentalpollution(endotoxins,coaldust,mineraldust)
14.WhatisseenonphysexaminCOPD?:ANS:Maybenormalin
earlystates
Asseverityprogresses:ANS:lunghyperinflation,decreasedbreath
sounds,wheezesatbases,distanthearttones(b/cofhyperinflation,
soS1/S2soundsoffindistance),accessorymuscleuse,pursedlip
breathing,increasedexpiratoryphase,neckveindistention.
15.HowisCOPDdiagnosed?:ANS:Spirometryisgoldstandard
(preandpostbron-chodilator).
Irreversibleairflowlimitationishallmark.
16.HowisCOPDtreated?:ANS:Bronchodilators:ANS:beta
agonists(long/short),anticholin-ergics(long/short),orcombo.
17.WhatistheMOAofbetaagonists?:ANS:Stimulatesbeta-2-
adrenergicreceptors,increasingcyclicAMP,resultinginrelaxing
airways.
18.WhatistheMOAofanticholinergics?:ANS:Blocktheeffect
ofacetylcholineonmuscarinictype3receptors,resultingin
bronchodilation. 4/5919.Whyarelong-actingbetaagonistsprescribedfor
COPD?:ANS:Theyareformoderateairflowlimitation.
Theyrelievesymptoms,increaseexercisetolerance,reducenumberof
exacerba-tions,improveQOL.
20.Whataresomenonpulmonarydiagnosesthatresultin
COPD-typesymp-toms?:ANS:CHF
HyperventilationsyndromePanicattacks
VocalcorddysfunctionObstructivesleepapnea
Aspergillosis
Chronicfatiguesyndrome
21.Whataresignalsymptomsof
asthma?:ANS:WheezingShortnessof
breath
Cough(espatnight)Chesttightness
22.Whatischronicbronchitis?:ANS:Dailychroniccough
w/increasedsputumforatleast3consecutivemonthsinatleast2
consecutiveyears.
Usuallyworseonwakening.
MayormaynotbeassociatedwithCOPD.
23.Whatisemphysema?:ANS:Characterizedbyobstructionto
airflowcausedbyab-normalairspaceenlargementdistalto