Katzung Pharmacology Review exam 2024 with 100% correct answers

A 55-year-old executive has cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. He is being treated with diuretics. The mechanism of action of furosemide is best described as - correct answer • furosemide The correct answer is B. Explanation: Furosemide acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and inhibits the major transporter in this segment, a Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter. Question 39: A 52-year-old plumber comes to the office with a complaint of periodic onset of chest pain, described as a sensation of heavy pressure over the sternum that comes on when he exercises and disappears within 15 min when he stops. After a full physical examination and further evaluation, you make the diagnosis of angina of effort. In considering medical therapy for this patient, which of the following best describes the beneficial action of nitroglycerin in this condition? - correct answer • nitroglycerin The correct answer is C. Dilation of systemic veins results in decreased diastolic cardiac size Explanation: Although nitrates may dilate large and medium coronary vessels, they have little effect on the arterioles in ischemic tissue, which are already dilated maximally by local ischemia. A major beneficial effect is venodilation, leading to reduction in cardiac size, which decreases diastolic fiber tension and reduces myocardial oxygen demand.