A. WHY DIGEST FOOD?
• To make it smaller so it can pass through the small intestine wall and enter the blood.
• To make it soluble so it can dissolve in the blood and be transported to cells.
B. BALANCED DIET
Provides all nutrients, in their correct amounts,
to maintain health and the body’s energy requirements
Food Groups & Sources
NUTRIENT ROLE MAIN SOURCES
• Pasta
CARBOHYDRATE Provides energy • Rice
• Bread
• Potatoes
• Butter & margarine
FAT An energy store • Cooking oils
Insulation • Crisps
• Chocolate
• Meat
PROTEIN Cell growth and repair • Dairy products
Maintains healthy gums, • Oranges
VITAMIN C bones and teeth • Lemons
• Limes
Helps heal wounds • Broccoli & spinach
• Oily fish
VITAMIN D Strong teeth and bones • Milk and cereals
• Red meat
IRON Producing red blood cells • Eggs
• Green vegetables
• Cereals
FIBRE Pushing food through the gut • Nuts
• Brown rice
WATER Chemical reactions occur within it
C. MALNUTRITION
Nutrient deficiency or overconsumption
• Some deficiency diseases are shown next.
, D. THE HUMAN ALIMENTARY CANAL
Salivary gland
Tongue
Epiglottis
Salivary glands h
Oesophagus
(Gullet)
Liver
Stomach
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ileum
Colon
Appendix Rectum
Anus
• The small intestine is made up of the duodenum and ileum.
• The large intestine is made up of the colon and rectum.
E. VOCABULARY
WORD MEANING
INGESTION The taking of substances into the body through the mouth
MECHANICAL The breakdown of food into smaller pieces
DIGESTION without chemical change to food molecules
CHEMICAL The breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules
DIGESTION into small, soluble molecules
ABSORPTION The movement of food molecules and ions
through the wall of the intestine into the blood
ASSIMILATION The movement of digested food molecules into body cells,
whey they are used, becoming part of the cells
EGESTION The passing out of food that has not been digested
or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus
• To make it smaller so it can pass through the small intestine wall and enter the blood.
• To make it soluble so it can dissolve in the blood and be transported to cells.
B. BALANCED DIET
Provides all nutrients, in their correct amounts,
to maintain health and the body’s energy requirements
Food Groups & Sources
NUTRIENT ROLE MAIN SOURCES
• Pasta
CARBOHYDRATE Provides energy • Rice
• Bread
• Potatoes
• Butter & margarine
FAT An energy store • Cooking oils
Insulation • Crisps
• Chocolate
• Meat
PROTEIN Cell growth and repair • Dairy products
Maintains healthy gums, • Oranges
VITAMIN C bones and teeth • Lemons
• Limes
Helps heal wounds • Broccoli & spinach
• Oily fish
VITAMIN D Strong teeth and bones • Milk and cereals
• Red meat
IRON Producing red blood cells • Eggs
• Green vegetables
• Cereals
FIBRE Pushing food through the gut • Nuts
• Brown rice
WATER Chemical reactions occur within it
C. MALNUTRITION
Nutrient deficiency or overconsumption
• Some deficiency diseases are shown next.
, D. THE HUMAN ALIMENTARY CANAL
Salivary gland
Tongue
Epiglottis
Salivary glands h
Oesophagus
(Gullet)
Liver
Stomach
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ileum
Colon
Appendix Rectum
Anus
• The small intestine is made up of the duodenum and ileum.
• The large intestine is made up of the colon and rectum.
E. VOCABULARY
WORD MEANING
INGESTION The taking of substances into the body through the mouth
MECHANICAL The breakdown of food into smaller pieces
DIGESTION without chemical change to food molecules
CHEMICAL The breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules
DIGESTION into small, soluble molecules
ABSORPTION The movement of food molecules and ions
through the wall of the intestine into the blood
ASSIMILATION The movement of digested food molecules into body cells,
whey they are used, becoming part of the cells
EGESTION The passing out of food that has not been digested
or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus
