A young man is brought to the Accident and Emergency Department following a stab wound to the
4thright intercostal space and has developed a pneumothorax. List the layers of the chest wall that
the knife has passed through. Where does the neurovascular bundle lie in the intercostal space and
what does it contain? What are the surface markings of the pleural cavities? (Q 11, MAY 2006)
During a routine physical examination, you auscultate your patient’s chest. Describe or draw the
surface markings of the heart and the heart valves. Indicate where you would place a
stethoscope to listen to each valve.(Q12, MAY 2006)
Describe the diaphragm, with reference to its attachments and nerve supply. List the openings
that exist to allow passage of structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities; include
the vertebral levels of these openings and name the structures which pass through them.(Q 13,
MAY 2006)
A 29 year old man develops shoulder pains following a tennis match. Explain with reference to
their attachments, how the muscles of the shoulder girdle control rotation of the scapula when
reaching out and opening a door (Q14 MAY 2006)
A 29 year old man accidentally puts his hand through a sheet of glass, causing a laceration of his
thenar eminence. Describe the movements of the thumb. Indicate the muscles involved and
their innervation. (Q15 MAY 2006)
Q1. A young women presents to the Accident & Emergency Department with dysphagia
(difficulty swallowing), after swallowing a large piece of biscuit. Describe the structure, course
and relations of the thoracic oesophagus. Describe the points at which the oesophagus is
narrowed. (Q1 SEPT 2006)
A young child is brought to the Accident and Emergency Department after inhaling a peanut.
Describe the trachea and bronchial tree within the thorax, including their structure, position and
relations. Into which segmental bronchus is an inhaled foreign body most likely to lodge if a
patient is standing upright? Or lying down? (Q2 SEPT 2006
A patient presents to her GP with a mass in the lateral breast and fullness in her axilla. Describe
the structure of the female breast, including relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage.
What structures in the axilla might be damaged during surgery? (Q3 SEPT 2006)
A footballer dislocates his shoulder during a match, damaging the axillary nerve. Describe this
nerve, including its origin, course and distribution (motor and cutaneous). What is its root
value? How would you test for its function clinically? (Q4 SEPT 2006)
When putting up a shelf, you use a screwdriver to attach it to the wall. Define the movements of
pronation and supination of the upper limb. Name and briefly describe the joints involved in
pronation and supination. Name two pronators and two supinators. (Q5 SEPT 2006)
CARDIORESPIRATORY SUMMER 2008
4thright intercostal space and has developed a pneumothorax. List the layers of the chest wall that
the knife has passed through. Where does the neurovascular bundle lie in the intercostal space and
what does it contain? What are the surface markings of the pleural cavities? (Q 11, MAY 2006)
During a routine physical examination, you auscultate your patient’s chest. Describe or draw the
surface markings of the heart and the heart valves. Indicate where you would place a
stethoscope to listen to each valve.(Q12, MAY 2006)
Describe the diaphragm, with reference to its attachments and nerve supply. List the openings
that exist to allow passage of structures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities; include
the vertebral levels of these openings and name the structures which pass through them.(Q 13,
MAY 2006)
A 29 year old man develops shoulder pains following a tennis match. Explain with reference to
their attachments, how the muscles of the shoulder girdle control rotation of the scapula when
reaching out and opening a door (Q14 MAY 2006)
A 29 year old man accidentally puts his hand through a sheet of glass, causing a laceration of his
thenar eminence. Describe the movements of the thumb. Indicate the muscles involved and
their innervation. (Q15 MAY 2006)
Q1. A young women presents to the Accident & Emergency Department with dysphagia
(difficulty swallowing), after swallowing a large piece of biscuit. Describe the structure, course
and relations of the thoracic oesophagus. Describe the points at which the oesophagus is
narrowed. (Q1 SEPT 2006)
A young child is brought to the Accident and Emergency Department after inhaling a peanut.
Describe the trachea and bronchial tree within the thorax, including their structure, position and
relations. Into which segmental bronchus is an inhaled foreign body most likely to lodge if a
patient is standing upright? Or lying down? (Q2 SEPT 2006
A patient presents to her GP with a mass in the lateral breast and fullness in her axilla. Describe
the structure of the female breast, including relations, blood supply and lymphatic drainage.
What structures in the axilla might be damaged during surgery? (Q3 SEPT 2006)
A footballer dislocates his shoulder during a match, damaging the axillary nerve. Describe this
nerve, including its origin, course and distribution (motor and cutaneous). What is its root
value? How would you test for its function clinically? (Q4 SEPT 2006)
When putting up a shelf, you use a screwdriver to attach it to the wall. Define the movements of
pronation and supination of the upper limb. Name and briefly describe the joints involved in
pronation and supination. Name two pronators and two supinators. (Q5 SEPT 2006)
CARDIORESPIRATORY SUMMER 2008
