BUSINESS STUDIES (Code No. 054)
Rationale
The courses in Business Studies and Accountancy are introduced at + 2 stage of Senior
Secondary Education as formal commerce education is provided after first ten years of
schooling. Therefore, it becomes necessary that instructions in these subjects are given
in such a manner that students have a good understanding of the principles and
practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as well as their relationship with the
society.
Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources and
human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. To understand the
framework in which a business operates, a detailed study of the organisation and
management of business processes and its interaction with the environment is required.
Globalisation has changed the way organizations transact their business.
Information Technology is becoming a part of business operations in more and more
organisations. Computerised systems are fast replacing other systems. E-business and
other related concepts are picking up fast which need to be emphasized in the
curriculum.
The course in Business Studies prepares students to analyse, manage, evaluate and
respond to changes which affect business. It provides a way of looking at and interacting
with the business environment. It recognizes the fact that business influences and is
influenced by social, political, legal and economic forces.
It allows students to appreciate that business is an integral component of society and
develops an understanding of many social and ethical issues.
Therefore, to acquire basic knowledge of the business world, a course in Business
Studies would be useful. It also informs students of a range of study and work options
and bridges the gap between school and work.
Objectives:
• To inculcate business attitude and develop skills among students to pursue
higher education, world of work including self employment.
• To develop students with an understanding of the processes of business and its
environment;
• To acquaint students with the dynamic nature and inter-dependent aspects of
business;
• To develop an interest in the theory and practice of business, trade and industry;
• To familiarize students with theoretical foundations of the process of organizing
and managing the operations of a business firm;
• To help students appreciate the economic and social significance of business
activity and the social cost and benefits arising there from;
• To acquaint students with the practice of managing the operations and resources
of business;
• To enable students to act more effectively and responsibly as consumers,
employers, employees and citizens;
, BUSINESS STUDIES (Code No. 054)
CLASS–XI (2024-25)
Theory: 80 Marks 3 Hours
Project: 20 Marks
Units Periods Marks
Part A Foundations of Business
1 Nature and Purpose of Business 18 16
2 Forms of Business Organisations 24
3 Public, Private and Global Enterprises 18 14
4 Business Services 18
5 Emerging Modes of Business 10 10
6 Social Responsibility of Business and 12
Business Ethics
Total 100 40
Part B Finance and Trade
7 Sources of Business Finance 30 20
8 Small Business 16
9 Internal Trade 30 20
10 International Business 14
Total 90 40
Project Work (One) 30 20
Part A: Foundation of Business
Concept includes meaning and features
Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business
Content After going through this unit, the
student/ learner would be able to:
History of Trade and Commerce in India: • To acquaint the History of Trade
Indigenous Banking System, Rise of and Commerce in India
Intermediaries, Transport, Trading
Communities: Merchant Corporations,
Major Trade Centres, Major Imports and
Exports, Position of Indian Sub-Continent
in the World Economy
• Understand the meaning of
Business – meaning and characteristics business with special reference to
economic and non-economic
activities.
• Discuss the characteristics of
business.
Business, profession and employment – • Understand the concept of
Concept business, profession and
employment.
• Differentiate between business,
profession and employment.
,Objectives of business • Appreciate the economic and social
objectives of business.
• Examine the role of profit in
business.
Classification of business activities - • Understand the broad categories of
Industry and Commerce business activities- industry and
commerce.
Industry-types: primary, secondary, tertiary • Describe the various types of
Meaning and subgroups industries.
Commerce-trade: (types-internal, external; • Discuss the meaning of commerce,
wholesale and retail) and auxiliaries to trade and auxiliaries to trade.
trade; (banking, insurance, transportation, • Discuss the meaning of different
warehousing, communication, and types of trade and auxiliaries to
advertising) – meaning trade.
• Examine the role of commerce-
trade and auxiliaries to trade.
• Understand the concept of risk as a
Business risk-Concept special characteristic of business.
• Examine the nature and causes of
business risks.
Unit 2: Forms of Business organizations
Sole Proprietorship-Concept, merits and • List the different forms of business
limitations organizations and understand their
meaning.
• Identify and explain the concept,
merits and limitations of Sole
Proprietorship.
Partnership-Concept, types, merits and • Identify and explain the concept,
limitation of partnership, registration of a merits and limitations of a
partnership firm, partnership deed. Types Partnership firm.
of partners • Understand the types of
partnership on the basis of duration
and on the basis of liability.
• State the need for registration of a
partnership firm.
• Discuss types of partners –active,
sleeping, secret, nominal and
partner by estoppel.
Hindu Undivided Family Business: • Understand the concept of Hindu
Concept Undivided Family Business.
Cooperative Societies-Concept, merits, • Identify and explain the concept,
and limitations. merits and limitations of
Cooperative Societies.
• Understand the concept of
consumers, producers, marketing,
farmers, credit and housing co-
operatives.
, Company - Concept, merits and limitations; • Identify and explain the concept,
Types: Private, Public and One Person merits and limitations of private and
Company – Concept public companies.
• Understand the meaning of one
person company.
• Distinguish between a private
company and a public company.
Formation of company - stages, important • Highlight the stages in the
documents to be used in formation of a formation of a company.
company • Discuss the important documents
used in the various stages in the
formation of a company.
Choice of form of business organization • Distinguish between the various
forms of business organizations.
• Explain the factors that influence
the choice of a suitable form of
business organization.
Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises
Public sector and private sector • Develop an understanding of Public
enterprises – Concept sector and private sector
enterprises
Forms of public sector enterprises: • Identify and explain the features,
Departmental Undertakings, Statutory merits and limitations of different
Corporations and Government Company forms of public sector enterprises
Global Enterprises – Feature • Develop an understanding of global
Joint venture enterprises, public private
Public private partnership – concept partnership by studying their
meaning and features.
Unit 4: Business Services
Business services – meaning and types. • Understand the meaning and types
Banking: Types of bank accounts - of business services.
savings, current, recurring, fixed deposit • Discuss the meaning and types of
and multiple option deposit account Business service Banking
• Develop an understanding of
difference types of bank account.
Banking services with particular reference • Develop an understanding of the
to Bank Draft, Bank Overdraft, Cash credit. different services provided by
E-Banking: meaning, types of digital banks
payments
Insurance – Principles. Types – life, health, • Recall the concept of insurance
fire and marine insurance – concept • Understand Utmost Good Faith,
Insurable Interest, Indemnity,
Contribution, Doctrine of
Subrogation and Causa Proxima as
principles of insurance
• Discuss the meaning of different
Rationale
The courses in Business Studies and Accountancy are introduced at + 2 stage of Senior
Secondary Education as formal commerce education is provided after first ten years of
schooling. Therefore, it becomes necessary that instructions in these subjects are given
in such a manner that students have a good understanding of the principles and
practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as well as their relationship with the
society.
Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources and
human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. To understand the
framework in which a business operates, a detailed study of the organisation and
management of business processes and its interaction with the environment is required.
Globalisation has changed the way organizations transact their business.
Information Technology is becoming a part of business operations in more and more
organisations. Computerised systems are fast replacing other systems. E-business and
other related concepts are picking up fast which need to be emphasized in the
curriculum.
The course in Business Studies prepares students to analyse, manage, evaluate and
respond to changes which affect business. It provides a way of looking at and interacting
with the business environment. It recognizes the fact that business influences and is
influenced by social, political, legal and economic forces.
It allows students to appreciate that business is an integral component of society and
develops an understanding of many social and ethical issues.
Therefore, to acquire basic knowledge of the business world, a course in Business
Studies would be useful. It also informs students of a range of study and work options
and bridges the gap between school and work.
Objectives:
• To inculcate business attitude and develop skills among students to pursue
higher education, world of work including self employment.
• To develop students with an understanding of the processes of business and its
environment;
• To acquaint students with the dynamic nature and inter-dependent aspects of
business;
• To develop an interest in the theory and practice of business, trade and industry;
• To familiarize students with theoretical foundations of the process of organizing
and managing the operations of a business firm;
• To help students appreciate the economic and social significance of business
activity and the social cost and benefits arising there from;
• To acquaint students with the practice of managing the operations and resources
of business;
• To enable students to act more effectively and responsibly as consumers,
employers, employees and citizens;
, BUSINESS STUDIES (Code No. 054)
CLASS–XI (2024-25)
Theory: 80 Marks 3 Hours
Project: 20 Marks
Units Periods Marks
Part A Foundations of Business
1 Nature and Purpose of Business 18 16
2 Forms of Business Organisations 24
3 Public, Private and Global Enterprises 18 14
4 Business Services 18
5 Emerging Modes of Business 10 10
6 Social Responsibility of Business and 12
Business Ethics
Total 100 40
Part B Finance and Trade
7 Sources of Business Finance 30 20
8 Small Business 16
9 Internal Trade 30 20
10 International Business 14
Total 90 40
Project Work (One) 30 20
Part A: Foundation of Business
Concept includes meaning and features
Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business
Content After going through this unit, the
student/ learner would be able to:
History of Trade and Commerce in India: • To acquaint the History of Trade
Indigenous Banking System, Rise of and Commerce in India
Intermediaries, Transport, Trading
Communities: Merchant Corporations,
Major Trade Centres, Major Imports and
Exports, Position of Indian Sub-Continent
in the World Economy
• Understand the meaning of
Business – meaning and characteristics business with special reference to
economic and non-economic
activities.
• Discuss the characteristics of
business.
Business, profession and employment – • Understand the concept of
Concept business, profession and
employment.
• Differentiate between business,
profession and employment.
,Objectives of business • Appreciate the economic and social
objectives of business.
• Examine the role of profit in
business.
Classification of business activities - • Understand the broad categories of
Industry and Commerce business activities- industry and
commerce.
Industry-types: primary, secondary, tertiary • Describe the various types of
Meaning and subgroups industries.
Commerce-trade: (types-internal, external; • Discuss the meaning of commerce,
wholesale and retail) and auxiliaries to trade and auxiliaries to trade.
trade; (banking, insurance, transportation, • Discuss the meaning of different
warehousing, communication, and types of trade and auxiliaries to
advertising) – meaning trade.
• Examine the role of commerce-
trade and auxiliaries to trade.
• Understand the concept of risk as a
Business risk-Concept special characteristic of business.
• Examine the nature and causes of
business risks.
Unit 2: Forms of Business organizations
Sole Proprietorship-Concept, merits and • List the different forms of business
limitations organizations and understand their
meaning.
• Identify and explain the concept,
merits and limitations of Sole
Proprietorship.
Partnership-Concept, types, merits and • Identify and explain the concept,
limitation of partnership, registration of a merits and limitations of a
partnership firm, partnership deed. Types Partnership firm.
of partners • Understand the types of
partnership on the basis of duration
and on the basis of liability.
• State the need for registration of a
partnership firm.
• Discuss types of partners –active,
sleeping, secret, nominal and
partner by estoppel.
Hindu Undivided Family Business: • Understand the concept of Hindu
Concept Undivided Family Business.
Cooperative Societies-Concept, merits, • Identify and explain the concept,
and limitations. merits and limitations of
Cooperative Societies.
• Understand the concept of
consumers, producers, marketing,
farmers, credit and housing co-
operatives.
, Company - Concept, merits and limitations; • Identify and explain the concept,
Types: Private, Public and One Person merits and limitations of private and
Company – Concept public companies.
• Understand the meaning of one
person company.
• Distinguish between a private
company and a public company.
Formation of company - stages, important • Highlight the stages in the
documents to be used in formation of a formation of a company.
company • Discuss the important documents
used in the various stages in the
formation of a company.
Choice of form of business organization • Distinguish between the various
forms of business organizations.
• Explain the factors that influence
the choice of a suitable form of
business organization.
Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises
Public sector and private sector • Develop an understanding of Public
enterprises – Concept sector and private sector
enterprises
Forms of public sector enterprises: • Identify and explain the features,
Departmental Undertakings, Statutory merits and limitations of different
Corporations and Government Company forms of public sector enterprises
Global Enterprises – Feature • Develop an understanding of global
Joint venture enterprises, public private
Public private partnership – concept partnership by studying their
meaning and features.
Unit 4: Business Services
Business services – meaning and types. • Understand the meaning and types
Banking: Types of bank accounts - of business services.
savings, current, recurring, fixed deposit • Discuss the meaning and types of
and multiple option deposit account Business service Banking
• Develop an understanding of
difference types of bank account.
Banking services with particular reference • Develop an understanding of the
to Bank Draft, Bank Overdraft, Cash credit. different services provided by
E-Banking: meaning, types of digital banks
payments
Insurance – Principles. Types – life, health, • Recall the concept of insurance
fire and marine insurance – concept • Understand Utmost Good Faith,
Insurable Interest, Indemnity,
Contribution, Doctrine of
Subrogation and Causa Proxima as
principles of insurance
• Discuss the meaning of different
