Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
The nurse working on a bone marrow unit knows that it is a priority to monitor
which of the following in a client who has just undergone a bone marrow
transplant? - Answer- Monitor the client closely to prevent infection.
-Until transplanted bone marrow begins to produce blood cells, these clients have
no physiologic means to fight infection, which makes them very prone to
infection. They are at high risk for dying from sepsis and bleeding before
engraftment. Therefore, a nurse must closely monitor clients and take measures
to prevent infection. Monitoring client's toilet patterns, physical condition, and
heart rate does not prevent the possibility of the client getting an infection.
A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for
Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given
over an extended period because: - Answer- The three drugs have a synergistic
effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms.
-Multiple drug regimens are used because the drugs have a synergistic effect. The
drugs have different cell-cycle lysis effects, different mechanisms of action, and
different toxic adverse effects. They are usually given in combination to enhance
therapy. Dosage is not affected by giving the drugs in combination. The second
and third drugs do not increase the effectiveness of the first. It is not true that the
first two drugs are toxic to cancer cells while the third drug promotes cell growth.
Which primary cancer treatment goal is prolonged survival and containment of
cancer cell growth?
A. Control
B. Palliation
C. Cure
, Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
D. Prevention - Answer- Control
-The range of possible treatment goals may include complete eradication of
malignant disease (cure), prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell
growth (control), or relief of symptoms associated with the disease (palliation).
Prevention is not a treatment goal when the patient has already been diagnosed
with cancer. Prevention of metastasis to a secondary site may be a goal.
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is classified as which type of antineoplastic agent? - Answer-
Antimetabolite
-5-FU is an antimetabolite. An example of an alkylating agent is nitrogen mustard.
A nitrosourea is streptozocin. A mitotic spindle poison is vincristine (VCR).
A decrease in circulating white blood cells (WBC) is referred to as which of the
following?
A. leukopenia.
B. neutropenia.
C. granulocytopenia.
D. thrombocytopenia. - Answer- Leukopenia
-A decrease in circulating WBCs is referred to as leukopenia. Granulocytopenia is a
decrease in neutrophils. Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in the number of
platelets. Neutropenia is an abnormally low absolute neutrophil count (ANC).
, Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a nursing diagnosis of Impaired oral
mucous membrane related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression
secondary to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is
most likely to decrease the pain of stomatitis?
A. Providing a solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse
B. Checking regularly for signs and symptoms of stomatitis
C. Recommending that the client discontinue chemotherapy
D. Monitoring the client's platelet and leukocyte counts - Answer- A. Providing a
solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse
-To decrease the pain of stomatitis, the nurse should provide a solution of
hydrogen viscous lidocaine for the client to use as a mouth rinse. (Commercially
prepared mouthwashes contain alcohol and may cause dryness and irritation of
the oral mucosa.) The nurse also may administer systemic analgesics as ordered.
Stomatitis occurs 7 to 10 days after chemotherapy begins; thus, stopping
chemotherapy wouldn't be helpful or practical. Instead, the nurse should stay
alert for this potential problem to ensure prompt treatment. Monitoring platelet
and leukocyte counts may help prevent bleeding and infection but wouldn't
decrease pain in this highly susceptible client. Checking for signs and symptoms of
stomatitis also wouldn't decrease the pain.
Which of the following is a sign or symptoms of septic shock?
A. Altered mental status
B. Increased urine output
C. Hypertension
D. Warm, moist skin - Answer- A. Altered mental status
, Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
-Signs of septic shock include altered mental status, cool and clammy skin,
decreased urine output, and hypotension.
Which oncologic emergency involves the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial
space?
A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
B. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH)
C. Cardiac tamponade
D. Tumor lysis syndrome - Answer- C. Cardiac tamponade
-Cardiac tamponade is an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. DIC is a
complex disorder of coagulation and fibrinolysis that results in thrombosis and
bleeding. SIADH is a result of the failure in the negative feedback mechanism that
normally regulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Tumor lysis
syndrome is a rapidly developing oncologic emergency that results from the rapid
release of intracellular contents as a result of radiation- or chemotherapy-induced
cell destruction of large or rapidly growing cancers such as leukemia.
Which oncologic emergency involves the failure in the negative feedback
mechanism that normally regulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH)
B. Tumor lysis syndrome
C. Cardiac tamponade
D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
The nurse working on a bone marrow unit knows that it is a priority to monitor
which of the following in a client who has just undergone a bone marrow
transplant? - Answer- Monitor the client closely to prevent infection.
-Until transplanted bone marrow begins to produce blood cells, these clients have
no physiologic means to fight infection, which makes them very prone to
infection. They are at high risk for dying from sepsis and bleeding before
engraftment. Therefore, a nurse must closely monitor clients and take measures
to prevent infection. Monitoring client's toilet patterns, physical condition, and
heart rate does not prevent the possibility of the client getting an infection.
A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for
Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given
over an extended period because: - Answer- The three drugs have a synergistic
effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms.
-Multiple drug regimens are used because the drugs have a synergistic effect. The
drugs have different cell-cycle lysis effects, different mechanisms of action, and
different toxic adverse effects. They are usually given in combination to enhance
therapy. Dosage is not affected by giving the drugs in combination. The second
and third drugs do not increase the effectiveness of the first. It is not true that the
first two drugs are toxic to cancer cells while the third drug promotes cell growth.
Which primary cancer treatment goal is prolonged survival and containment of
cancer cell growth?
A. Control
B. Palliation
C. Cure
, Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
D. Prevention - Answer- Control
-The range of possible treatment goals may include complete eradication of
malignant disease (cure), prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell
growth (control), or relief of symptoms associated with the disease (palliation).
Prevention is not a treatment goal when the patient has already been diagnosed
with cancer. Prevention of metastasis to a secondary site may be a goal.
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is classified as which type of antineoplastic agent? - Answer-
Antimetabolite
-5-FU is an antimetabolite. An example of an alkylating agent is nitrogen mustard.
A nitrosourea is streptozocin. A mitotic spindle poison is vincristine (VCR).
A decrease in circulating white blood cells (WBC) is referred to as which of the
following?
A. leukopenia.
B. neutropenia.
C. granulocytopenia.
D. thrombocytopenia. - Answer- Leukopenia
-A decrease in circulating WBCs is referred to as leukopenia. Granulocytopenia is a
decrease in neutrophils. Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in the number of
platelets. Neutropenia is an abnormally low absolute neutrophil count (ANC).
, Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a nursing diagnosis of Impaired oral
mucous membrane related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression
secondary to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is
most likely to decrease the pain of stomatitis?
A. Providing a solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse
B. Checking regularly for signs and symptoms of stomatitis
C. Recommending that the client discontinue chemotherapy
D. Monitoring the client's platelet and leukocyte counts - Answer- A. Providing a
solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse
-To decrease the pain of stomatitis, the nurse should provide a solution of
hydrogen viscous lidocaine for the client to use as a mouth rinse. (Commercially
prepared mouthwashes contain alcohol and may cause dryness and irritation of
the oral mucosa.) The nurse also may administer systemic analgesics as ordered.
Stomatitis occurs 7 to 10 days after chemotherapy begins; thus, stopping
chemotherapy wouldn't be helpful or practical. Instead, the nurse should stay
alert for this potential problem to ensure prompt treatment. Monitoring platelet
and leukocyte counts may help prevent bleeding and infection but wouldn't
decrease pain in this highly susceptible client. Checking for signs and symptoms of
stomatitis also wouldn't decrease the pain.
Which of the following is a sign or symptoms of septic shock?
A. Altered mental status
B. Increased urine output
C. Hypertension
D. Warm, moist skin - Answer- A. Altered mental status
, Prep U Oncology Exam Questions and Correct
Verified Answers with Explanations: 2024 Update.
-Signs of septic shock include altered mental status, cool and clammy skin,
decreased urine output, and hypotension.
Which oncologic emergency involves the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial
space?
A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
B. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH)
C. Cardiac tamponade
D. Tumor lysis syndrome - Answer- C. Cardiac tamponade
-Cardiac tamponade is an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. DIC is a
complex disorder of coagulation and fibrinolysis that results in thrombosis and
bleeding. SIADH is a result of the failure in the negative feedback mechanism that
normally regulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Tumor lysis
syndrome is a rapidly developing oncologic emergency that results from the rapid
release of intracellular contents as a result of radiation- or chemotherapy-induced
cell destruction of large or rapidly growing cancers such as leukemia.
Which oncologic emergency involves the failure in the negative feedback
mechanism that normally regulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH)
B. Tumor lysis syndrome
C. Cardiac tamponade
D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
