1 ASSESSMENT FINAL: OLDER ADULTS (BATES)/ QUESTIONS AND ANSW| LATEST UPDATES/ COMPLETE EXAM PREDICTION PAPER |ERS, RATED A+

1 ASSESSMENT FINAL: OLDER ADULTS (BATES)/ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, RATED A+ Life span at birth for men and women in the U.S - -Men=82 y.o. Women=84 y.o. BP changes in the older adult - --Increased SBP (as the aorta becomes less distensible) -Widened Pulse Pressure -Tendency toward postural (orthostatic) hypotension HR and Rhythm changes in the older adult - --Resting HR remains unchanged -Maximal HR declines and Pacemaker cells decline in the SA node, affecting response to physiological stress -More likely to have abnormal heart rhythms (e.g. ectopy, syncope) Respiratory Rate and Temperature changes in the older adult - --RR unchanged -Changes in temperature regulation lead to susceptibility to hypothermia Skin changes in older adults - --The vascularity of the dermis decreases, causing lighter skin to look paler and more opaque -Skin on back of hands and forearms appears thin fragile loose and transparent -ACTINIC PURPURA (purple patches/macules from blood that has leaked through poorly supported capillaries and spread within the dermis..fade over time) Aging affects the lenses and increases risk for - --cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration -because the lens continues to grow over the years, it may push the iris forward, narrowing the angle b/w the iris and cornea, increasing the risk of narrow-angle glaucoma Hearing loss associated with aging - -presbycusis Affects of aging on taste and smell - --decreased salivary secretions/decreased sense of taste and smell -increased sensitivity to bitterness and saltiness Angular cheilitis - -maceration of the skin at the corners of the mouth from over closure of the mouth in teeth less individuals Lengthening and tortuosity of the aorta and its branches in aging occasionally result in - -kinking or buckling of the carotid artery low in the neck, especially on the right (a pulsatile mass that may be mistaken for a carotid aneurysm) Systolic bruits heard in the middle or upper portions of the carotid arteries in an older adult suggest (but do not prove) - -partial arterial obstruction from atherosclerosis (in contrast cervical bruits in younger people are usually innocent) Affects of aging on Cardiac Output - --myocardial contraction is less responsive to stimulation from B-adrenergic catecholamines -HR drops but SV increases (so cardiac output is maintained) Risk of heart failure increases with - -los