Pathophysiology Chapter 16 Test Bank Study Guide Graded A

Pathophysiology Chapter 16 - Test Bank Study Guide Graded A+ What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin? A) Control by releasing hormones B) Control by tropic hormones C) Negative feedback control D) Hypothalamus/hypophysis coordination What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders? A) Malignant neoplasm B) Infection C) Congenital defect D) Benign tumor Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus. A) Onset often occurs during childhood. B) Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops. C) It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics. D) Complications rarely occur. Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus? A) Increased thirst and hypoglycemia B) Ketoacidosis C) Osmotic pressure due to glucose D) Diabetic nephropathy What is the cause of diabetic ketoacidosis? A) Excess insulin in the body B) Loss of glucose in the urine C) Failure of the kidney to excrete sufficient acids D) Increased catabolism of fats and proteins What is a precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis? A) Skipping a meal B) Anorexia C) Serious infection D) Insulin overdose Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop? A) Strenuous exercise B) Missing an insulin dose C) Eating excessively large meals D) Sedentary lifestyle Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic? A) Deep, rapid respirations B) Flushed dry skin and mucosa C) Thirst and oliguria D) Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion Which of the following are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person? A) Pale moist skin B) Thirst and poor skin turgor C) Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor D) Tremors and strong rapid pulse What causes loss of consciousness in a person with diabetic ketoacidosis? A) Toxic effects of excessive insulin B) Excessive glucose in the blood C) Metabolic acidosis D) Lack of glucose in brain cells Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes? A) Osteoporosis B) Nephropathy C) Impotence D) Peripheral neuropathy Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as: A) cataracts. B) macular degeneration. C) myopia. D) strabismus. Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography? 1. It affects the small arteries and arterioles. 2. It is related to elevated serum lipids. 3. It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. 4. It frequently causes damage to the kidneys. A) 1, 3 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 2, 4 Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics? A) Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs B) Lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs C) Severe dehydration in the tissues D) Elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called: A) temporary maternal diabetes. B) fetal diabetes. C) acute developmental diabetes. D) gestational diabetes. Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently? A) Type 1 diabetic patients B) Type 2 diabetic patients C) Patients with a poor stress response D) Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes Addison's disease? A) Increased glucocorticoids B) Decreased glucocorticoids C) Deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) Deficit of T3 and T4 Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes myxedema? A) Increased glucocorticoids B) Decreased glucocorticoids C) Deficit of ADH D) Deficit of T3 and T4 Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes diabetes insipidus? A) Increased insulin B) Decreased glucocorticoids C) Deficit of ADH D) Deficit of T3 and T4 What is caused by hyperparathyroidism? A) Hypocalcemia B) Tetany C) Bone demineralization D) Deficit of vitamin D What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism? 1. Skeletal muscle twitching or spasm 2. Weak cardiac contraction 3. Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 4. Decreased serum phosphate level A) 1, 2 B) 1, 3 C) 2, 3 D) 3, 4 Which of the following applies to acromegaly? A) It occurs in infants and children. B) It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth. C) It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). D) It does not change soft tissue growth. Which of the following may cause goiter? 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Lack of iodine in the diet 4. Pheochromocytoma A) 1, 4 B) 2, 3 C) 1, 2, 3 D) 1, 2, 3, 4 Which signs are typical of Graves' disease? A) Facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy B) Exophthalmos and tachycardia C) delayed physical and intellectual development D) Goiter and decreased basal metabolic rate (BMR) Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Heavy body and round face B) Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs C) Staring eyes with infrequent blinking D) Atrophy of the lymph nodes Which of the following is an effect of Addison's disease? A) Elevated blood glucose levels B) High blood pressure C) Low serum potassium levels D) Poor stress response What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus? A) Increased glucose production in the liver B) Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction C) Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action D) Chronic obesity Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics? A) Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. B) Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. C) The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. D) Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption. Which of the following are common early signs of a pituitary adenoma? 1. Persistent headaches 2. Hemianopia 3. Hypertension 4. Papilledema A) 1, 4 B) 2, 3 C) 1, 2 D) 1, 3, 4 Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome? A) The cause is excess ADH secretion. B) Severe hyponatremia results. C) Excessive sodium is retained. D) Fluid retention increases.