Pathophysiology Chapter 17 test bank Study Guide Rated A

Pathophysiology Chapter 17- test bank Study Guide Rated A+ Which of the following cells in the gastric mucosa produce intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid? A) Parietal cells B) Chief cells C) Mucous cells D) Gastrin cells Which of the following is the primary site for absorption of nutrients? A) Stomach B) Duodenum C) Ileum D) Ascending colon When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic secretions that contains very high bicarbonate ion content? A) Gastrin B) Secretin C) Cholecystokinin D) Histamine Which of the following breaks protein down into peptides? A) Amylase B) Peptidase C) Lactase D) Trypsin In which structure is oxygenated blood (arterial) mixed with unoxygenated blood (venous) so as to support the functions of the structure? A) Pancreas B) Liver C) Small intestine D) Spleen Which of the following stimulates increased peristalsis and secretions in the digestive tract? A) Sympathetic nervous system B) Vagus nerve C) Increased saliva D) Absence of food in the system Which of the following is contained in pancreatic exocrine secretions? A) Bicarbonate ion B) Hydrochloric acid C) Activated digestive enzymes D) Insulin The presence of food in the intestine stimulates intestinal activity but inhibits gastric activity through the: A) defecation reflex. B) enterogastric reflex. C) vomiting reflex. D) autodigestive reflex. Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the body immediately after a meal? A) Lipolysis B) Ketogenesis C) Gluconeogenesis D) Glycogenesis Which of the following statements applies to bile salts? A) They give feces the characteristic brown color. B) They are enzymes used to break down fats into free fatty acids. C) They emulsify lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. D) They are excreted in the feces. The visceral peritoneum: A) lines the abdominal wall. B) hangs from the stomach over the loops of small intestine. C) contains many pain receptors. D) forms the outer covering of the stomach. The early stage of vomiting causes: A) metabolic alkalosis. B) metabolic acidosis. C) increased respirations. D) increased excretion of hydrogen ions. Yellow or greenish stained vomitus usually indicates the presence of: A) bile. B) blood. C) protein. D) bacteria. Small, hidden amounts of blood in stool are referred to as: A) melena. B) occult blood. C) frank blood. D) hematemesis. Severe vomiting can lead to metabolic acidosis because of increased: A) ketones produced. B) CO2 retained in the lungs and kidneys. C) hypovolemia and lactic acid production. D) metabolic rate. What is the definition of dysphagia? A) A herniation of the gastric mucosa through a segment of weakened muscle B) Recurrent reflux of chyme into the esophagus C) Absence of a connection of the esophagus to the stomach D) Difficulty in swallowing What is a common cause of hiatal hernia? A) An abnormally long esophagus B) Increased intra-abdominal pressure C) Stenosis of the hiatus in the diaphragm D) A small fundus in the stomach What is a common sign of acute gastritis? A) Colicky right upper quadrant pain B) Vomiting and anorexia C) Projectile vomiting after eating D) Diarrhea with abdominal distention What does the pathophysiology of chronic gastritis include? A) Atrophy of the gastric mucosa with decreased secretions B) Hyperchlorhydria and chronic peptic ulcers C) Frequent vomiting and diarrhea D) Episodes of acute inflammation and edema of the mucosa What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella? A) Unrefrigerated custards or salad dressings B) Poorly canned foods C) Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs D) Contaminated water Which of the following individuals is likely to develop acute gastritis? A) A long-term, heavy cigarette smoker B) Patient with arthritis taking enteric-coated aspirin on a daily basis C) A person with an autoimmune reaction in the gastric mucosa D) An individual with an allergy to shellfish What does congenital pyloric stenosis involve? A) Absence of peristalsis in the lower section of the stomach B) Failure of an opening to develop between the stomach and duodenum C) Hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the pylorus D) Thickening of the gastric wall due to chronic inflammation A patient with acquired pyloric stenosis would likely: A) have an increase in appetite. B) have chronic diarrhea. C) develop severe colicky pains. D) vomit undigested food from previous meals. Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because: A) of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands. B) of reduced bicarbonate content in bile and pancreatic secretions. C) stress increases the number of acid- and pepsinogen-secreting cells. D) increased epinephrine increases motility. The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following EXCEPT: A) decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier. B) increased stimulation of pepsin and acid secretions. C) infection by H. pylori. D) increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands. Which of the following would a perforated gastric ulcer likely cause? A) Severe anemia B) Chemical peritonitis C) Severe gastric hemorrhage D) Pyloric obstruction Bilirubin is a product of: A) hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin. B) production of excess chyme and bile. C) mixing of undigested food and gastric secretions. D) accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) due to infection. Why does mild hyperbilirubinemia occur in newborns? A) Blood incompatibility between mother and child B) Damage to many erythrocytes during the birth process C) Poor circulation and albumin transport for bilirubin D) Immature liver cannot process bilirubin quickly enough Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive: A) bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile. B) water content in the bile. C) bile salts in the bile. D) bicarbonate ions in the bile. What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct? A) Intrahepatic jaundice B) Acute pancreatitis C) Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant D) Inflammation and infection in the gallbladder