BIO 2201 Exam 3|Complete Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
What are the Biosafety Levels from lowest to highest-risk microbes?
BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4
What are common control protocols?
Disinfection, sterilization, sanitation, antisepsis, degerming
Examples of physical methods
Heat, freezing, autoclave (GOLD standard), pasteurization, high pressure processing
Examples of chemical controls
Food preservatives
- contains the word "acid" in them; enzyme inhibitors
- reduce bacterial growth by making the food acidic
- energy is spent maintaining pH instead of being used in reproduction
- inhibit the enzyme of fungi
An example of spore forming bacteria
Clostridium botulinum (toxin producer)
Clostridium botulinum: production
Spore or endospores' primary function is to protect the DNA
Clostridium botulinum: structure
- endosporium: no clue
- spore coat: prevents digestive enzymes from destroying spore
- cortex: no clue
- inner membrane: inpermable (oxidized agents cannot get to DNA)
- core: contains 3 major components
What are the 3 major components of the core?
1. Dipicolinic acid (DPA)
- replace water with DPA
- makes spore dry and wet heat resistant, resistant to peroxides and desiccation
2. Small acid-solute proteins (SAS proteins)
- bind DNA and protect it
- deactivate it
3. Highly Active DNA repair
Clostridium botulinum: gram, shape, oxygen requirement, spore or non spore forming, does it produce
toxins?
What are the Biosafety Levels from lowest to highest-risk microbes?
BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4
What are common control protocols?
Disinfection, sterilization, sanitation, antisepsis, degerming
Examples of physical methods
Heat, freezing, autoclave (GOLD standard), pasteurization, high pressure processing
Examples of chemical controls
Food preservatives
- contains the word "acid" in them; enzyme inhibitors
- reduce bacterial growth by making the food acidic
- energy is spent maintaining pH instead of being used in reproduction
- inhibit the enzyme of fungi
An example of spore forming bacteria
Clostridium botulinum (toxin producer)
Clostridium botulinum: production
Spore or endospores' primary function is to protect the DNA
Clostridium botulinum: structure
- endosporium: no clue
- spore coat: prevents digestive enzymes from destroying spore
- cortex: no clue
- inner membrane: inpermable (oxidized agents cannot get to DNA)
- core: contains 3 major components
What are the 3 major components of the core?
1. Dipicolinic acid (DPA)
- replace water with DPA
- makes spore dry and wet heat resistant, resistant to peroxides and desiccation
2. Small acid-solute proteins (SAS proteins)
- bind DNA and protect it
- deactivate it
3. Highly Active DNA repair
Clostridium botulinum: gram, shape, oxygen requirement, spore or non spore forming, does it produce
toxins?
