MFC 520 Abnormal Psychology Final Exam Study Guide |
Complete Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
Nosology
the systematic classification of diseases
Disease
a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the
effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance,
toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment.
Mental Disorder
a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion
regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental
processes underlying mental functioning.
Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or
other important activities.
Type I Error
Rejecting the null hypothesis (false positive)
"The person is X when they are not"
Type II Error
Non-rejection of null hypothesis (false negative)
"The person is not X when they are"
Depressive Disorders
The presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that
significantly affect the individual's capacity to function
Mood Disorders
general emotional state or mood is distorted or inconsistent with your circumstances and interferes
with your ability to function
Major Depressive Disorder
5 of the 9 criteria met during the same 2-week period, at least one symptom is either depressed mood
or anhedonia
anhedonia
,inability to experience joy or pleasure
Major Depressive Disorder Criteria (at least 5 of 9)
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday
2. Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or decrease/increase in appetite nearly every
day
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not just subjective
feelings)
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilty (which may be delusional) nearly every
day
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation
SIG-E-CAPS
checklist for remembering Major Depressive Disorder symptoms:
Sleep, interest, guilt, energy, cognition/concentration, appetite, psychomotor, suicidality
FIDO
Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Onset
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally (verbal rages) and/or behaviorally (physical
aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the
situation or provocation
"temper due to depression"
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Criteria
B. temper outbursts are inconsistent with developmental level
C. temper outbursts occur, on average, three or more times/week
D. mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly every day,
and is observable by others
E. Symptoms/criteria have been present 12 months or more (no period 3 months or longer without all
symptoms)
When can Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder be diagnosed?
between ages 6 - 18
When is age of onset for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?
before age 10
,Persistent Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by subjective account or
observation by others, for at least 2 years (adults) or 1 year (children/adolescents)
Persistent Depressive Disorder Criteria
while depressed (and not going longer than 2 months without), must have two or more of the following:
1. poor appetite or overeating
2. insomnia or hypersomnia
3. low energy or fatigue
4. low self-esteem
5. poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
6. feelings of hopelessness
Other Specified Depressive Disorder
Symptoms do not meet full criteria for other depressive disorder, but cause functional impairment.
Diagnosis is meant to indicate the 'specific' reason for the diagnosis, despite the
absence of full criteria for another existing disorder
Examples of Other Specified Depressive Disorder
Recurrent brief depression
short-duration depressive episode (4 - 13 days)
depressive episode with insufficient symptoms
major depressive episode superimposed
Unspecified Depressive Disorder
Characteristically depressive symptoms do not meet criteria for other existing depressive disorder, but
cause functional impairment, and clinician chooses not tospecify the reasons that the other criteria are
not met
Anxiety
the anticipation of future threat
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whole
the individual is attached (typically caregiver)
Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria
3 of the following criteria need to be met:
1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major
attachment figures
2. persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to
them, such as illness, injury, disasters or death
, 3. persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g. getting lost, being
kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from major attachment figure
4. persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because
of fear of separation
5. persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures
at home or in other settings
6. persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major
attachment figure
7. repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation
8. repeated complaints of physical symptoms when separation from major attachment figures occurs or
is anticipated
Separation Anxiety Disorder FIDO
fear/anxiety/avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6
months or more in adults
Selective Mutism
consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking
despite speaking in other situations
Selective Mutism Criteria
B. disturbances interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication
C. the duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month
D. the failure to speak is not attributable to lack of knowledge of, or comfort wtih, the spoken language
required in social situation
E. the disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder or autism or schizophrenia or
another psychotic disorder
Specific Phobia
marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
Specific Phobia Criteria
B. the phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety
C. the phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety
D. the fear is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the
sociocultural context
E. the fear, anxiety or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more
How might children show a specific phobia?
crying, tantrums, freezing or clinging
Social Anxiety Disorder
A. marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to
possible scrutiny by others.
Complete Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
Nosology
the systematic classification of diseases
Disease
a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the
effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance,
toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment.
Mental Disorder
a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion
regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental
processes underlying mental functioning.
Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or
other important activities.
Type I Error
Rejecting the null hypothesis (false positive)
"The person is X when they are not"
Type II Error
Non-rejection of null hypothesis (false negative)
"The person is not X when they are"
Depressive Disorders
The presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that
significantly affect the individual's capacity to function
Mood Disorders
general emotional state or mood is distorted or inconsistent with your circumstances and interferes
with your ability to function
Major Depressive Disorder
5 of the 9 criteria met during the same 2-week period, at least one symptom is either depressed mood
or anhedonia
anhedonia
,inability to experience joy or pleasure
Major Depressive Disorder Criteria (at least 5 of 9)
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday
2. Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or decrease/increase in appetite nearly every
day
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not just subjective
feelings)
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilty (which may be delusional) nearly every
day
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation
SIG-E-CAPS
checklist for remembering Major Depressive Disorder symptoms:
Sleep, interest, guilt, energy, cognition/concentration, appetite, psychomotor, suicidality
FIDO
Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Onset
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally (verbal rages) and/or behaviorally (physical
aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the
situation or provocation
"temper due to depression"
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Criteria
B. temper outbursts are inconsistent with developmental level
C. temper outbursts occur, on average, three or more times/week
D. mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly every day,
and is observable by others
E. Symptoms/criteria have been present 12 months or more (no period 3 months or longer without all
symptoms)
When can Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder be diagnosed?
between ages 6 - 18
When is age of onset for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?
before age 10
,Persistent Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by subjective account or
observation by others, for at least 2 years (adults) or 1 year (children/adolescents)
Persistent Depressive Disorder Criteria
while depressed (and not going longer than 2 months without), must have two or more of the following:
1. poor appetite or overeating
2. insomnia or hypersomnia
3. low energy or fatigue
4. low self-esteem
5. poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
6. feelings of hopelessness
Other Specified Depressive Disorder
Symptoms do not meet full criteria for other depressive disorder, but cause functional impairment.
Diagnosis is meant to indicate the 'specific' reason for the diagnosis, despite the
absence of full criteria for another existing disorder
Examples of Other Specified Depressive Disorder
Recurrent brief depression
short-duration depressive episode (4 - 13 days)
depressive episode with insufficient symptoms
major depressive episode superimposed
Unspecified Depressive Disorder
Characteristically depressive symptoms do not meet criteria for other existing depressive disorder, but
cause functional impairment, and clinician chooses not tospecify the reasons that the other criteria are
not met
Anxiety
the anticipation of future threat
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whole
the individual is attached (typically caregiver)
Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria
3 of the following criteria need to be met:
1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major
attachment figures
2. persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to
them, such as illness, injury, disasters or death
, 3. persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g. getting lost, being
kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from major attachment figure
4. persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because
of fear of separation
5. persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures
at home or in other settings
6. persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major
attachment figure
7. repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation
8. repeated complaints of physical symptoms when separation from major attachment figures occurs or
is anticipated
Separation Anxiety Disorder FIDO
fear/anxiety/avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6
months or more in adults
Selective Mutism
consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking
despite speaking in other situations
Selective Mutism Criteria
B. disturbances interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication
C. the duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month
D. the failure to speak is not attributable to lack of knowledge of, or comfort wtih, the spoken language
required in social situation
E. the disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder or autism or schizophrenia or
another psychotic disorder
Specific Phobia
marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
Specific Phobia Criteria
B. the phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety
C. the phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety
D. the fear is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the
sociocultural context
E. the fear, anxiety or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more
How might children show a specific phobia?
crying, tantrums, freezing or clinging
Social Anxiety Disorder
A. marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to
possible scrutiny by others.
