ACSM Personal Training Exam, 246 Questions
and Correct Answers, Latest 2024 Solution
Guide.
Sagittal/lateral
left/right
Frontal/coronal
anterior/posterior
Transverse/Horizontal
superior/inferior (all twisting)
Anterior/posterior
front/back
Superficial/deep
close to the surface/below surface
Proximal/distal
close to the trunk/farther from the trunk
Medial/lateral
closer to the midline/farther from midline
Superior/inferior
above/below
Ipsilateral/contralateral
same side/opposite side
Unilateral/bilateral
one side/both sides
Supine/prone
laying face up/face down
Abduction/adduction
away from midline/toward midline
,Flexion/extension
decrease joint angle/increase joint angle
Lateral flexion
decrease joint angle (spine/side bend)
Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
extension/flexion of ankle
Hyperextension
extension beyond normal angle
Internal/external rotation
transverse plane rotation toward/away from midline
Supination/pronation
roll out/roll in
Retraction/protraction
scapula toward (row)/away (shoulder press) from midline
Inversion/eversion
foot medially/laterally
Elevation/depression
shoulder upward/downward
Circumduction
360 degree arc
Isometric, or static
tension in muscle fiber, no work done, no movement
Isotonic, or dynamic
muscle fibers change length and joint angle changes
Isotonic concentric
muscle shortens (bicep curl up)
Isotonic eccentric
muscle lengthens (bicep curl down)
Isokinetic
, contraction with consistent velocity (the whole fluid movement of the curl up and down)
Agonist
prime mover (bicep on the way up, tricep on the way down)
Antagonist
opposing muscle to prime mover
Synergists
stabilizing/fixating joints, smaller muscles
Quadriceps group
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intemedius, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius
Hamstrings group
Biceps Femoris, Semitendonsus, Semimembranosus
Rotator cuff group
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Pectoralis Major/Posterior Deltoid
horizontal shoulder abduction/adduction
Mid-trapezius/Pectoralis Minor
Scapular retraction/protraction
Latissimus/Medial Deltoid
Shoulder abduction/adduction
Erector Spinae/Abdominals
spinal extension/flexion
Biceps brachii/triceps brachii
elbow extension/flexion
Gluteus maximus/Iliopsoas
hip extension/flexion
Quadriceps/hamstrings
knee extension/flexion
Gastrocnemius/Tibialis anterior
plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
and Correct Answers, Latest 2024 Solution
Guide.
Sagittal/lateral
left/right
Frontal/coronal
anterior/posterior
Transverse/Horizontal
superior/inferior (all twisting)
Anterior/posterior
front/back
Superficial/deep
close to the surface/below surface
Proximal/distal
close to the trunk/farther from the trunk
Medial/lateral
closer to the midline/farther from midline
Superior/inferior
above/below
Ipsilateral/contralateral
same side/opposite side
Unilateral/bilateral
one side/both sides
Supine/prone
laying face up/face down
Abduction/adduction
away from midline/toward midline
,Flexion/extension
decrease joint angle/increase joint angle
Lateral flexion
decrease joint angle (spine/side bend)
Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
extension/flexion of ankle
Hyperextension
extension beyond normal angle
Internal/external rotation
transverse plane rotation toward/away from midline
Supination/pronation
roll out/roll in
Retraction/protraction
scapula toward (row)/away (shoulder press) from midline
Inversion/eversion
foot medially/laterally
Elevation/depression
shoulder upward/downward
Circumduction
360 degree arc
Isometric, or static
tension in muscle fiber, no work done, no movement
Isotonic, or dynamic
muscle fibers change length and joint angle changes
Isotonic concentric
muscle shortens (bicep curl up)
Isotonic eccentric
muscle lengthens (bicep curl down)
Isokinetic
, contraction with consistent velocity (the whole fluid movement of the curl up and down)
Agonist
prime mover (bicep on the way up, tricep on the way down)
Antagonist
opposing muscle to prime mover
Synergists
stabilizing/fixating joints, smaller muscles
Quadriceps group
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intemedius, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius
Hamstrings group
Biceps Femoris, Semitendonsus, Semimembranosus
Rotator cuff group
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Pectoralis Major/Posterior Deltoid
horizontal shoulder abduction/adduction
Mid-trapezius/Pectoralis Minor
Scapular retraction/protraction
Latissimus/Medial Deltoid
Shoulder abduction/adduction
Erector Spinae/Abdominals
spinal extension/flexion
Biceps brachii/triceps brachii
elbow extension/flexion
Gluteus maximus/Iliopsoas
hip extension/flexion
Quadriceps/hamstrings
knee extension/flexion
Gastrocnemius/Tibialis anterior
plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
