Introduction to IT - C182 WGU|Complete Questions with
Correct Answers Graded A+
What are core components of IT?
Hardware
Software
People
What are some visions and goals of IT?
Communication, both internal and external
Sharing of resources
Facilitating the integration of Departments
Management of Information
Ensuring that the organization runs according to ethical practices
Why is IT viewed as a system?
A system is a combination of independent parts all working together to accomplish a goal.
What are some skills needed by IT personnel?
Troubleshooting and problem solving.
Knowledge of operating systems.
System level programming.
System security
Hardware
Describe trouble shooting (IT Skill)
Detect and diagnose a problem, then find a solution. Examples: Poor processor performance, full hard
drive, virus or other malware.
Describe knowledge of OS's (IT Skill)
Operating system installation, application software installation, user account creation, system
monitoring. Examples: versions of Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Unix, etc.
Describe system level programming (IT Skill)
Shell scripts to automate processes, manipulating configuration files for system services. Examples:
Bash, Csh scripts, Ruby scripts, C/C++ programs
Describe system security (IT Skill)
Ensuring proper system security is in place. Following or drafting policies for users. Monitoring for
threats. Examples: Keeping security patches up to date, configuring a system firewall, installing anti-
malware software, examining log files of evidence of breaches or attacks.
Describe hardware (IT Skill)
,Installing and configuring new hardware. Troubleshooting, repairing, or replacing defective hardware.
Examples: replacing CPUs and disk drives, connecting network cables to network hubs, switches,
routers.
What are some System Administrator duties?
Account management: creating new user accounts and deleting obsolete user accounts.
Password management: making sure that all users have passwords that agree with the security policy.
File protection management: making sure that files are appropriately protected (for instance, making
sure that important documents are not writable by the outside world) and performing timely backups of
the file system
Installing and configuring new hardware and troubleshooting hardware including the network.
Installing and configuring new software including updating new operating system (OS) patches, and
troubleshooting software.
Providing documentation, support, and training for computer users.
Performing system-level programming as necessary (usually through scripting languages rather than
writing large-scale applications or systems software).
Security: installing and maintaining a firewall, examining log files to see if there are any odd patterns of
attempted logins, and examining suspicious processes that perhaps should not be running.
What are some Network Administrator duties?
physically laying down cable.
making connections.
working with the network hardware (for instance, routers and switches).
like the system administrator, the network administrator will edit configuration files, install software
(related to the network), and so forth.
Troubleshooting the network may combine physical troubleshooting (e.g., is a cable bad?) and software
troubleshooting.
There is also a security aspect to the computer network. Both the system administrator and network
administrator may work on system firewalls. Editing configuration files, writing shell scripts, and
installing software and patches will all be part of a network administrators tasks.
Describe a Database Administrator's duties.
Like system administrators, database administrators have a long list of important responsibilities, but
with a focus on the design, development, and support of database management systems (DBMSs). Tasks
,will include installation, maintenance, performance analysis, and troubleshooting as with the other
administrative areas. There are specific applications, performance tuning parameters, account creation,
and procedures associated with the DBMS that are separate from those of system administrators and
web administrators. The database administrator may also be involved with the integration of data from
older systems to new ones. As many or most database systems are now available over the Internet (or
at least over local area networks), the administrator must also ensure proper security measures for
remote access.
Describe a Security Administrator's duties.
Must stay informed of the many different types of attacks, such as denial of service attacks on web
servers, IP spoofing to intercept messages, and buffer overflow that allows a hacker to invade computer
memory with their own code. Although these are all known forms of attacks, it does not necessarily
mean that a system is protected against them. And as these attacks are known, newer attacks are being
thought of. It is the responsibility of the security administrator to install, configure, and administer
appropriate firewall security to protect the organization's systems and to work proactively against such
intrusions.
Describe a Web Administrator's (aka Webmaster) duties.
The web administrator, also known as a webmaster, but more precisely referred to as a web server
administrator, is responsible for maintaining websites. This responsibility differs from the development
of websites. Specifically, the web administrator must install, configure, maintain, secure, and
troubleshoot the web server. The web server is software that runs on one or more computers. The web
administrator may or may not be responsible for the hardware. Typically, the web administrator is not a
system administrator on that or those computers. Therefore, the web administrator will have to work
with the system administrator on some aspects of installation and configuration. Securing the web
server becomes critical for businesses. Individuals outside and inside the organization may have reason
to access data on the web-server without authorization thus requiring the need for securing the web
server. The web administrator may be required to set up password files and establish locations where
server scripts can be stored and tested. Security may be implemented directly through the web server
software, or added through the operating system, or some combination. Security issues may be
discovered by analyzing log files that are also used for data mining.
What are the two most common support IT roles asides from administrators?
training, and help desk. Training occurs as needed, but many help desks are available 24/7.
What is information technology?
Task of gathering data and processing it into information.
The ability to disseminate information using technology.
The technology itself that permits these tasks.
The collection of people who are in charge of maintaining the IT infrastructure (the computers, the
networks, the operating system).
, Generic definition of IT.
We will consider IT to be the technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information
accessible. In other words, IT combines people with computing resources, software, data, and computer
networks.
IT personnel, sometimes referred to collectively as "IT," are those people whose job it is to supply and
support IT. These include computer engineers who design and build computer chips, computer scientists
who write software for computers, and administrators who provide the IT infrastructure for
organizations.
Define information.
Information is often defined as processed data. That is, raw data are the input and information is the
output of some process. In fact, more generically, we should think of information as any form of
interpreted data.
What does DIKW Hierarchy stand for and what is it's purpose?
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom. It describes the transition of data to information to knowledge
to wisdom.
Define data in relation to DIKW Hierarchy.
Data is the input directly received by the human or computer.
Describe ways a computer may receive data (relates to DIKW).
User entered values from application, camera, microphone, bar code reader, sensor, pen tablet, etc.
When does data become usable?
After it's been converted to a relevant form, for computers this would be binary representation.
In the DIKW Hierarchy what do we mean when we say information has been inferred from data?
That one or more processes have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.
Define Knowledge in the DIKW Hierarchy.
Knowledge is sometimes defined as information that has been put to use. In other cases, knowledge is a
synthesis of several different sources of information. One way to think of knowledge is that it is
information placed into a context, perhaps the result of experience gained from using information.
Additionally, we might think of knowledge as being refined information such that the user of the
knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information when needed. As an example, one
may learn how to solve algebraic problems by studying algebraic laws. The laws represent information,
whereas the practice of selecting the proper law to apply in a given situation is knowledge.
Define Wisdom in the DIKW Hierarchy.
Some refer to wisdom as an understanding of "why"—whether this is "why things happened the way
they did" or "why people do what they do." Wisdom can only come by having both knowledge and
experience. Knowledge, on the other hand, can be learned from others who have it. Wisdom is the
Correct Answers Graded A+
What are core components of IT?
Hardware
Software
People
What are some visions and goals of IT?
Communication, both internal and external
Sharing of resources
Facilitating the integration of Departments
Management of Information
Ensuring that the organization runs according to ethical practices
Why is IT viewed as a system?
A system is a combination of independent parts all working together to accomplish a goal.
What are some skills needed by IT personnel?
Troubleshooting and problem solving.
Knowledge of operating systems.
System level programming.
System security
Hardware
Describe trouble shooting (IT Skill)
Detect and diagnose a problem, then find a solution. Examples: Poor processor performance, full hard
drive, virus or other malware.
Describe knowledge of OS's (IT Skill)
Operating system installation, application software installation, user account creation, system
monitoring. Examples: versions of Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Unix, etc.
Describe system level programming (IT Skill)
Shell scripts to automate processes, manipulating configuration files for system services. Examples:
Bash, Csh scripts, Ruby scripts, C/C++ programs
Describe system security (IT Skill)
Ensuring proper system security is in place. Following or drafting policies for users. Monitoring for
threats. Examples: Keeping security patches up to date, configuring a system firewall, installing anti-
malware software, examining log files of evidence of breaches or attacks.
Describe hardware (IT Skill)
,Installing and configuring new hardware. Troubleshooting, repairing, or replacing defective hardware.
Examples: replacing CPUs and disk drives, connecting network cables to network hubs, switches,
routers.
What are some System Administrator duties?
Account management: creating new user accounts and deleting obsolete user accounts.
Password management: making sure that all users have passwords that agree with the security policy.
File protection management: making sure that files are appropriately protected (for instance, making
sure that important documents are not writable by the outside world) and performing timely backups of
the file system
Installing and configuring new hardware and troubleshooting hardware including the network.
Installing and configuring new software including updating new operating system (OS) patches, and
troubleshooting software.
Providing documentation, support, and training for computer users.
Performing system-level programming as necessary (usually through scripting languages rather than
writing large-scale applications or systems software).
Security: installing and maintaining a firewall, examining log files to see if there are any odd patterns of
attempted logins, and examining suspicious processes that perhaps should not be running.
What are some Network Administrator duties?
physically laying down cable.
making connections.
working with the network hardware (for instance, routers and switches).
like the system administrator, the network administrator will edit configuration files, install software
(related to the network), and so forth.
Troubleshooting the network may combine physical troubleshooting (e.g., is a cable bad?) and software
troubleshooting.
There is also a security aspect to the computer network. Both the system administrator and network
administrator may work on system firewalls. Editing configuration files, writing shell scripts, and
installing software and patches will all be part of a network administrators tasks.
Describe a Database Administrator's duties.
Like system administrators, database administrators have a long list of important responsibilities, but
with a focus on the design, development, and support of database management systems (DBMSs). Tasks
,will include installation, maintenance, performance analysis, and troubleshooting as with the other
administrative areas. There are specific applications, performance tuning parameters, account creation,
and procedures associated with the DBMS that are separate from those of system administrators and
web administrators. The database administrator may also be involved with the integration of data from
older systems to new ones. As many or most database systems are now available over the Internet (or
at least over local area networks), the administrator must also ensure proper security measures for
remote access.
Describe a Security Administrator's duties.
Must stay informed of the many different types of attacks, such as denial of service attacks on web
servers, IP spoofing to intercept messages, and buffer overflow that allows a hacker to invade computer
memory with their own code. Although these are all known forms of attacks, it does not necessarily
mean that a system is protected against them. And as these attacks are known, newer attacks are being
thought of. It is the responsibility of the security administrator to install, configure, and administer
appropriate firewall security to protect the organization's systems and to work proactively against such
intrusions.
Describe a Web Administrator's (aka Webmaster) duties.
The web administrator, also known as a webmaster, but more precisely referred to as a web server
administrator, is responsible for maintaining websites. This responsibility differs from the development
of websites. Specifically, the web administrator must install, configure, maintain, secure, and
troubleshoot the web server. The web server is software that runs on one or more computers. The web
administrator may or may not be responsible for the hardware. Typically, the web administrator is not a
system administrator on that or those computers. Therefore, the web administrator will have to work
with the system administrator on some aspects of installation and configuration. Securing the web
server becomes critical for businesses. Individuals outside and inside the organization may have reason
to access data on the web-server without authorization thus requiring the need for securing the web
server. The web administrator may be required to set up password files and establish locations where
server scripts can be stored and tested. Security may be implemented directly through the web server
software, or added through the operating system, or some combination. Security issues may be
discovered by analyzing log files that are also used for data mining.
What are the two most common support IT roles asides from administrators?
training, and help desk. Training occurs as needed, but many help desks are available 24/7.
What is information technology?
Task of gathering data and processing it into information.
The ability to disseminate information using technology.
The technology itself that permits these tasks.
The collection of people who are in charge of maintaining the IT infrastructure (the computers, the
networks, the operating system).
, Generic definition of IT.
We will consider IT to be the technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information
accessible. In other words, IT combines people with computing resources, software, data, and computer
networks.
IT personnel, sometimes referred to collectively as "IT," are those people whose job it is to supply and
support IT. These include computer engineers who design and build computer chips, computer scientists
who write software for computers, and administrators who provide the IT infrastructure for
organizations.
Define information.
Information is often defined as processed data. That is, raw data are the input and information is the
output of some process. In fact, more generically, we should think of information as any form of
interpreted data.
What does DIKW Hierarchy stand for and what is it's purpose?
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom. It describes the transition of data to information to knowledge
to wisdom.
Define data in relation to DIKW Hierarchy.
Data is the input directly received by the human or computer.
Describe ways a computer may receive data (relates to DIKW).
User entered values from application, camera, microphone, bar code reader, sensor, pen tablet, etc.
When does data become usable?
After it's been converted to a relevant form, for computers this would be binary representation.
In the DIKW Hierarchy what do we mean when we say information has been inferred from data?
That one or more processes have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.
Define Knowledge in the DIKW Hierarchy.
Knowledge is sometimes defined as information that has been put to use. In other cases, knowledge is a
synthesis of several different sources of information. One way to think of knowledge is that it is
information placed into a context, perhaps the result of experience gained from using information.
Additionally, we might think of knowledge as being refined information such that the user of the
knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information when needed. As an example, one
may learn how to solve algebraic problems by studying algebraic laws. The laws represent information,
whereas the practice of selecting the proper law to apply in a given situation is knowledge.
Define Wisdom in the DIKW Hierarchy.
Some refer to wisdom as an understanding of "why"—whether this is "why things happened the way
they did" or "why people do what they do." Wisdom can only come by having both knowledge and
experience. Knowledge, on the other hand, can be learned from others who have it. Wisdom is the
