Hubs 191 final exam 2022 Questions and Correct Answers, Complete verified solution, Updated 2024.

Hubs 191 final exam 2022 Questions and Correct Answers, Complete verified solution, Updated 2024. What does the pectoral girdle consist of? clavicle and scapula What does the pelvic girdle consist of? hip bones and sacrum what 3 bones are fused together to make up the hip bone? llium, pubis and ischium the skull is surrounded by the cranium, what 2 benefits does this have? encloses the brain, muscle attachments What 2 things is the ribcage made up of? ribs and sternum What does the hand consist of? carpals, metacarpals, phalanges what does the single proximal long bone consist of? humerus and femur What does the foot consist of? tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges long bones are long and thin? T or F true short bones are NOT close to equal width and length? T or F false flat bones are typically used for muscle attachments? T or F true irregular bones are the bones that don't fall into a specific category? T or F true What bones consist of the axial skeleton? general not specific bones of the core what bones consist of the appendicular skeleton? general not specific bones of the limbs What does pronation stand for? palm faces posterior What does supination stand for? palm faces anterior and forearm bones parallel what does inversion stand for? sole of foot faces towards midline what does eversion stand for? sole of foot turns away from midline what are the 2 different types of bone? compact bone and cancellous bone which bone is strong and good at transporting force in one direction? compact bone what bone is light, spongy, shock absorbing, resists and channels forces that come from multiple directions? cancellous bone what are the 4 types of bone classes? long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones red blood cell formation takes part in bone marrow? T or D true what are the 8 angular movements the body can make? flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation what are the 3 ways you can divide body planes? coronal, sagittal, transverse what type of body division can be described as cutting like a loaf of bread? coronal what type of body division can be described as cutting like a hot dog bun? sagittal what type of body division can be described as cutting like a bagel? transverse what are the 6 terms of direction used to describe the axial skeleton? not including deep or superficial superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal what does medial mean? towards the midline of the body what class of the body does distal and proximal describe in terms of direction? limbs superior and inferior mean .... and ... up and down What does lateral mean? away from the midline the mouth is ....... to the nose? inferior the elbow is ........ from the wrist? proximal is proximal up or down the limb? up is distal up or down the limb? down What does deep mean? further from the surface What does superficial mean? closer to the surface the skin is .......... to the muscle superficial the hand is ........... to the spine lateral the heart is .......... to the elbow superior the eyes are .......... to the ears medial - Upright - Face forwards - Feet together - Palms face forwards - Same regardless of motion - remains the same these are examples of the ......... anatomical position Posterior (dorsal) means? toward? toward the back Anterior (ventral) means? toward? toward the front cephalic or cranial means? toward? toward the head Caudal means? toward? towards the feet the view of someone standing on their side? lateral view name the two types of fluid connective tissue blood and lymph areolar tissue, adipose tissue and reticular tissue are all examples of connective tissue proper. Is this loose or dense? loose dense regular tissue, dense irregular and elastic tissue are all examples of connective tissue proper. Is this loose or dense? dense what are the 2 types of supporting connective tissues? cartilage and bone Bone is a living changing tissue, as has cells as well as a calcified extra-cellular matrix T or F true 33% of ECM (extra-cellular matrix) is organic bone or inorganic bone? (answer with the word bone at the end) organic bone 67% of ECM (extra-cellular matrix) is organic bone or inorganic bone? (answer with the word bone at the end) inorganic bone what are the 4 types of cells that make up the bone (osteo.....) (dont need to include the word cells) osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts which type of bone has an osteon structure, compact bone or cancellous bone? compact bone which type of bone has a tranbecular structure, compact bone or cancellous bone? cancellous bone what contains blood vesicles snd nerves central canel are diaphyses in primary or secondary ossification centres? (one word answer) primary what does an epiphyses do in the bone? remain cartilage what enables lengthwise bone growth? epiphyseal plates what is the term used when 2 bones join together? articulate do blood vessels penetrate cartilage? T or F False collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix. The orientation of fibres aligns with stresses and the function of this type of cartilage resists compression and tension. Is this Fibrocartilage or Hyaline Cartilage? fibrocartilage the collagen fibres are barely visible, there is high water content in the matrix and the function of this cartilage is to resist tension. Is this Fibrocartilage or Hyaline Cartilage? hyaline cartilage what type of cartilage moulds to the surface of bones in joints? is it hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage what type of cartilage generally articulates in areas that experience both compression and tension in joints? is it hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage fibrocartilage What do ligaments do? connect bone to bone What do tendons do? connect muscle to bone There are 3 types of joints, what are they? fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial 2 out of the 3 types of joints have less range of motion compared to the other joint having a greater range of motion. Which 2 joints are these? fibrous, cartilaginous plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket and ellipsoid are all examples of which type of joint? synovial some joints have thickened regions of the joint capsule where more support is needed. Is this a capsular ligament, medial collateral ligaments, lateral collateral ligaments, intracapsular ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament? capsular ligament these TWO ligaments connects the femur to the tibia and restricts abduction. Is this a capsular ligament, medial collateral ligaments, lateral collateral ligaments, intracapsular ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament? medial collateral ligaments and lateral collateral ligaments this liagament seperates from the joint capsule. Is this a capsular ligament, medial collateral ligaments, lateral collateral ligaments, intracapsular ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament? intracapsular ligaments this ligament is anterior of the tibia and posterior to the femur. Is this a capsular ligament, medial collateral ligaments, lateral collateral ligaments, intracapsular ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament? anterior cruciate ligament this ligament is posterior to the tibia and anterior to the femur, also restricts anterior displacement of the femur. Is this a capsular ligament, medial collateral ligaments, lateral collateral ligaments, intracapsular ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament? posterior cruciate ligament What does diffusion mean? movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration What does osmosis mean? movement of water across a membrane What does the cell membrane do? divides our body fluid volume into intercellular and extracellular spaces water concentration is ....... on both sides of the membrane? dynamic What does isotonic mean? both ECF and ICF have an equal concentration What does hypertonic mean? more fluid in the ICF than the ECF what does hypotonic mean? more fluid in the ECF than the ICF when you drink too much water than your body can handle what state does your body become? hypotonic when you work out and lose more water than your body needs what state does your body become? hypertonic is ion concentration dynamic in the ICF and ECF? T or F true what are the 3 types of muscle in the body? smooth, cardiac, skeletal Where is cardiac muscle located? heart Where are smooth muscles located? walls of hollow organs