Klinische Ontwikkelingspsychologie – Overzicht
Stoornissen – Deeltentamen 2
Empty Table
Disorder
Symptoms
Subtypes
Developmental Course
Age of onset
Episode length
Prevalence rate
Gender differences
Comorbidity/Consequences
Etiology
Diagnostics
Life phases
Treatment
1
,Disorders
Feeding disorders
Disorder PICA
Symptoms The ingestion of non-food substances (hair/insects/chips of paint), which primarily affects very young/institutionalized
children/children with intellectual disability
Subtypes -
Developmental Course Serious/life-threatening if it continues into adolescence
Age of onset Infancy
Episode length Several months
Prevalence rate 12.3%
Gender differences Boys = girls
Comorbidity/Consequences Intellectual disability
Lead poisoning/obstruction in the intestine/vitamin or mineral deficiencies
Etiology Fashions/social pressures
Inadequate interaction with caregivers
Diagnostics -
Life phases -
Treatment Remits on its own/in conjunction with added infant stimulation and improved environmental conditions
Operant conditioning procedures
Positive forms of attention
Keeping environment tidy/removing or storing dangerous substances
Disorder Rumination
Symptoms The repeated regurgitation of food
Subtypes -
Developmental Course -
Age of onset -
Episode length -
Prevalence rate -
Gender differences -
2
,Comorbidity/Consequences -
Etiology -
Diagnostics -
Life phases -
Treatment -
Disorder Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Symptoms Nutritional and energy needs of children are not met
Significant weight loss (chronic rather than acute)
Significant nutritional deficiency
Dependence on enteral feeding/oral nutritional supplements
Marked interference with psychosocial functioning
Avoiding or restricting food based on its sensory characteristics
Subtypes Children with a lack of interest in eating/limited appetites/inadequate food intake
Children who eat very few foods because of sensory sensitivity
Children who restrict or avoid intake following adverse experiences
Developmental Course Faulty integration and coordination of internal/relational processes
Age of onset Childhood (extra serious if before 2)
Episode length -
Prevalence rate 1-13.8%/1.5-64%/43%
Gender differences Boys = girls
Comorbidity/Consequences Health-compromising problems/death
Sensory issues
ASD (21%)
Anxiety disorder
Etiology Developmental delays
Genetic conditions
Abnormalities of oral anatomy
Less sensitivity to feelings of hunger
Presenting signals that are unclear or difficult to read by their caregivers
Temperament differences
Being too excited/distressed to eat
3
, Issue of control
A traumatic event
Controlling/coercive/indulgent/neglectful parents/poor parenting skills
Failure to thrive
History of vomiting/food allergies/gastrointestinal difficulties/low interest in feeding/family eating
environments/accessibility and exposure to healthy, varied food items
Insensitive parenting/mothers with feeding issues
Diagnostics Establishing a therapeutic alliance with the child’s caregiver
Multiple sources/multiple types of data
Life phases -
Treatment Early identification
Focused on the interplay of physiological/psychological/environmental factors
Tied to the therapeutic alliance developed during the assessment process
Stop feeding while child was sleeping so he could reexperience hunger when awake
Nutritional monitoring
Behavioural techniques
Relationship goals
Family based treatment for ARFID (FBT-ARFID)
Psychoeducation
Rewards-based behavioural therapy
Emotional regulation
Play
Multidisciplinary treatment team
Eating Disorders
Disorder Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
Symptoms Food restriction leading to significantly low body weight
Fear of/interference with weight gain
Disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape (distorted body perception)
Acute weightloss
The refusal to maintain a minimally standard body weight
Weight loss is accomplished deliberately through a very restricted diet/purging/exercise
4
Stoornissen – Deeltentamen 2
Empty Table
Disorder
Symptoms
Subtypes
Developmental Course
Age of onset
Episode length
Prevalence rate
Gender differences
Comorbidity/Consequences
Etiology
Diagnostics
Life phases
Treatment
1
,Disorders
Feeding disorders
Disorder PICA
Symptoms The ingestion of non-food substances (hair/insects/chips of paint), which primarily affects very young/institutionalized
children/children with intellectual disability
Subtypes -
Developmental Course Serious/life-threatening if it continues into adolescence
Age of onset Infancy
Episode length Several months
Prevalence rate 12.3%
Gender differences Boys = girls
Comorbidity/Consequences Intellectual disability
Lead poisoning/obstruction in the intestine/vitamin or mineral deficiencies
Etiology Fashions/social pressures
Inadequate interaction with caregivers
Diagnostics -
Life phases -
Treatment Remits on its own/in conjunction with added infant stimulation and improved environmental conditions
Operant conditioning procedures
Positive forms of attention
Keeping environment tidy/removing or storing dangerous substances
Disorder Rumination
Symptoms The repeated regurgitation of food
Subtypes -
Developmental Course -
Age of onset -
Episode length -
Prevalence rate -
Gender differences -
2
,Comorbidity/Consequences -
Etiology -
Diagnostics -
Life phases -
Treatment -
Disorder Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Symptoms Nutritional and energy needs of children are not met
Significant weight loss (chronic rather than acute)
Significant nutritional deficiency
Dependence on enteral feeding/oral nutritional supplements
Marked interference with psychosocial functioning
Avoiding or restricting food based on its sensory characteristics
Subtypes Children with a lack of interest in eating/limited appetites/inadequate food intake
Children who eat very few foods because of sensory sensitivity
Children who restrict or avoid intake following adverse experiences
Developmental Course Faulty integration and coordination of internal/relational processes
Age of onset Childhood (extra serious if before 2)
Episode length -
Prevalence rate 1-13.8%/1.5-64%/43%
Gender differences Boys = girls
Comorbidity/Consequences Health-compromising problems/death
Sensory issues
ASD (21%)
Anxiety disorder
Etiology Developmental delays
Genetic conditions
Abnormalities of oral anatomy
Less sensitivity to feelings of hunger
Presenting signals that are unclear or difficult to read by their caregivers
Temperament differences
Being too excited/distressed to eat
3
, Issue of control
A traumatic event
Controlling/coercive/indulgent/neglectful parents/poor parenting skills
Failure to thrive
History of vomiting/food allergies/gastrointestinal difficulties/low interest in feeding/family eating
environments/accessibility and exposure to healthy, varied food items
Insensitive parenting/mothers with feeding issues
Diagnostics Establishing a therapeutic alliance with the child’s caregiver
Multiple sources/multiple types of data
Life phases -
Treatment Early identification
Focused on the interplay of physiological/psychological/environmental factors
Tied to the therapeutic alliance developed during the assessment process
Stop feeding while child was sleeping so he could reexperience hunger when awake
Nutritional monitoring
Behavioural techniques
Relationship goals
Family based treatment for ARFID (FBT-ARFID)
Psychoeducation
Rewards-based behavioural therapy
Emotional regulation
Play
Multidisciplinary treatment team
Eating Disorders
Disorder Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
Symptoms Food restriction leading to significantly low body weight
Fear of/interference with weight gain
Disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape (distorted body perception)
Acute weightloss
The refusal to maintain a minimally standard body weight
Weight loss is accomplished deliberately through a very restricted diet/purging/exercise
4
