Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam With Complete
Solution
primary lesion - ANSWER lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
lesion - ANSWER a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury or
disease
secondary lesion - ANSWER lesion that either changes impression over time or occurs
when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
macule - ANSWER circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from surrounding
tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
patch - ANSWER a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
papule - ANSWER Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
plaque - ANSWER elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
pustule - ANSWER a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm; examples
acne and impetigo
vesicle - ANSWER a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID: <1cm;
examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
,nodule - ANSWER solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends deeper
into dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
bulla - ANSWER blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends only into
epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
wheal - ANSWER elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red,
axon-mediated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction,
examples PPD test and mosquito bites
cyst - ANSWER any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal or
abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
Abscess - ANSWER a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by
disintegration or necrosis of tissues >1cm
tumor - ANSWER "MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
configuration: annular - ANSWER circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
configuration: confluent - ANSWER lesions run together
configuration: grouped - ANSWER lesion cluster
configuration: gyrate - ANSWER twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
configuration: linear - ANSWER scratch, streak, line stripe
, configuration: polycyclic - ANSWER annular lesions merge
configuration: solitary or discrete - ANSWER individual and distinct lesions that remain
separate
configuration: target (iris) - ANSWER resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric rings
of color
configuration: zosteriform - ANSWER linear arrangement along nerve route
comedones - ANSWER open are called black heads (openings capped with a blackened
skin debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
acne - ANSWER can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts, nodules
and scaring
nonpharmacological management of acne - ANSWER wash several times daily with soap
and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and moisterizers
pharmacological management of acne - ANSWER comedolytic agents: benzoyl peroxice,
salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and
metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives
folliculitis - ANSWER inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
furuncle - ANSWER "boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
carbuncle - ANSWER >furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
cellulitis - ANSWER most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram negative
Solution
primary lesion - ANSWER lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
lesion - ANSWER a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury or
disease
secondary lesion - ANSWER lesion that either changes impression over time or occurs
when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
macule - ANSWER circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from surrounding
tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
patch - ANSWER a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
papule - ANSWER Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
plaque - ANSWER elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
pustule - ANSWER a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm; examples
acne and impetigo
vesicle - ANSWER a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID: <1cm;
examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
,nodule - ANSWER solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends deeper
into dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
bulla - ANSWER blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends only into
epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
wheal - ANSWER elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red,
axon-mediated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction,
examples PPD test and mosquito bites
cyst - ANSWER any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal or
abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
Abscess - ANSWER a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by
disintegration or necrosis of tissues >1cm
tumor - ANSWER "MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
configuration: annular - ANSWER circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
configuration: confluent - ANSWER lesions run together
configuration: grouped - ANSWER lesion cluster
configuration: gyrate - ANSWER twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
configuration: linear - ANSWER scratch, streak, line stripe
, configuration: polycyclic - ANSWER annular lesions merge
configuration: solitary or discrete - ANSWER individual and distinct lesions that remain
separate
configuration: target (iris) - ANSWER resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric rings
of color
configuration: zosteriform - ANSWER linear arrangement along nerve route
comedones - ANSWER open are called black heads (openings capped with a blackened
skin debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
acne - ANSWER can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts, nodules
and scaring
nonpharmacological management of acne - ANSWER wash several times daily with soap
and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and moisterizers
pharmacological management of acne - ANSWER comedolytic agents: benzoyl peroxice,
salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and
metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives
folliculitis - ANSWER inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
furuncle - ANSWER "boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
carbuncle - ANSWER >furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
cellulitis - ANSWER most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram negative
