WJEC AS Biology. Unit 1
Biological Molecule
WJEC A LEVEL
BIOLOGYNotes General
Chemistry & Carbohydrates
& Biological MoleculeS
,WJEC Unit 1
Eduqas Core Concepts
STUDY CHECKLIST AND ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVES
Instructions
Regular revision throughout the year is essential. It’s vital you keep a track of what you
understand and what you don’t understand. This booklet is designed to help you do this.
Use the following key to note how well you understand the work after your revision. Put the
letter R, A or G in the table. If you place an R or an A then you should make a note of what
you are struggling with and the end of this book under the relevant section and seek help
with this.
Key
R = Red. I am not confident about my knowledge and understanding.
A = Amber. I am fairly confident about my knowledge and understanding.
G = green. I am very confident about my knowledge and understanding.
The following points are your learning objectives
Biological Molecules.
General Chemistry
1. Can you distinguish between the terms: atom, molecule, element, compound, organic and inorganic?
2. Can you describe the role of magnesium, iron, phosphate and calcium ions in cell metabolism?
Carbohydrates
3. Can you name at least 4 Monosaccharides? Can you classify these monosaccharides based on their: nu
of carbon atoms and functional group?
4. Can you recognise the structure of these monosaccharides?
5. Can you state the functions, chemical and physical properties of these monosaccharides?
6. Can you state the general formula of a monosaccharide?
, 7. Can you define what an isomer is using glucose as an example?
8. Can you identify α and β glucose from molecular structure diagrams?
9. Do you know what elements make up a carbohydrate?
10. Monosaccharides have both a structural formula that can be a ring or a straight chain structure.
11. Two monosaccharides can join together to form disaccharides. Can you name three disaccharides?
12. Can you name the two monosaccharides that make up each disaccharide?
13. Can you name the bond that joins the two monosaccharides together?
14. Can you name the reaction that occurs when monosaccharides join together to form disaccharides an
polysaccharides? Can you state the products of this reaction? Can you describe this reaction with the
of annotated diagrams?
15. Can you state the function of the three disaccharides: maltose, sucrose and lactose and where each is
16. Can you state the names of 5 polysaccharides?
17. Can you describe the structure and function of these 5 polysaccharides?
18. Do you know the role of hydrogen bonds in polysaccharides?
19. Can you describe the biological test for a reducing and non-reducing sugar and for starch?
©Tyrone R. L. John. www.biologyeducation.co.uk. 2020 3
20. Do you understand the quantitative benedict’s test and the use of standard solutions to calibrate
a colorimeter?
21. Can you determine the concentration of an unknown glucose solution from a calibration curve?
22. Do you understand why when measuring the percentage transmission of blue light through reduced
benedict’s reagent produces a negative correlation on a graph of percentage transmission of blue ligh
against glucose concentration.
23. Do you know the name of the reaction that can break the bond between monosaccharides in
disaccharides and polysaccharides? Can you describe this reaction and show it occurring with an annota
diagram?
Application of Knowledge
24. Can you apply your knowledge of carbohydrates to unfamiliar scenarios?
Assessment Objective Description
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, te
, AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniqu
• In a theoretical context
• In a practical context
• When handling qualitative data
• When handling quantitative data
AO3 Analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, i
to: • Make judgments and reach conclusions
• Develop and refine practical design and procedures
The ability to select, organise and communicate information and ideas coherently using
appropriate scientific conventions and vocabulary will be tested across the AO.
©Tyrone R. L. John. www.biologyeducation.co.uk. 2020 4
WORD BANK
Below is a list of some key words and phrases you will need to learn and understand in this carbohydrate
and general chemistry section.
• 1,4 glycosidic bond
• 1,6 glycosidic bond
• Aldehyde
• Alpha glucose
• Amylopectin
• Amylose
• Atom
• Beta glucose
• Cellulose
• Chitin
• Condensation reaction
• Disaccharide
• Element
• Fructose
• Galactose
• Glucose
• Glyceraldehyde
• Glycosidic bond
• Hexose
• Hydrogen bond
• Hydrolysis reaction
• Inorganic
• Isomer
• Ketone
• Lactose
Biological Molecule
WJEC A LEVEL
BIOLOGYNotes General
Chemistry & Carbohydrates
& Biological MoleculeS
,WJEC Unit 1
Eduqas Core Concepts
STUDY CHECKLIST AND ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVES
Instructions
Regular revision throughout the year is essential. It’s vital you keep a track of what you
understand and what you don’t understand. This booklet is designed to help you do this.
Use the following key to note how well you understand the work after your revision. Put the
letter R, A or G in the table. If you place an R or an A then you should make a note of what
you are struggling with and the end of this book under the relevant section and seek help
with this.
Key
R = Red. I am not confident about my knowledge and understanding.
A = Amber. I am fairly confident about my knowledge and understanding.
G = green. I am very confident about my knowledge and understanding.
The following points are your learning objectives
Biological Molecules.
General Chemistry
1. Can you distinguish between the terms: atom, molecule, element, compound, organic and inorganic?
2. Can you describe the role of magnesium, iron, phosphate and calcium ions in cell metabolism?
Carbohydrates
3. Can you name at least 4 Monosaccharides? Can you classify these monosaccharides based on their: nu
of carbon atoms and functional group?
4. Can you recognise the structure of these monosaccharides?
5. Can you state the functions, chemical and physical properties of these monosaccharides?
6. Can you state the general formula of a monosaccharide?
, 7. Can you define what an isomer is using glucose as an example?
8. Can you identify α and β glucose from molecular structure diagrams?
9. Do you know what elements make up a carbohydrate?
10. Monosaccharides have both a structural formula that can be a ring or a straight chain structure.
11. Two monosaccharides can join together to form disaccharides. Can you name three disaccharides?
12. Can you name the two monosaccharides that make up each disaccharide?
13. Can you name the bond that joins the two monosaccharides together?
14. Can you name the reaction that occurs when monosaccharides join together to form disaccharides an
polysaccharides? Can you state the products of this reaction? Can you describe this reaction with the
of annotated diagrams?
15. Can you state the function of the three disaccharides: maltose, sucrose and lactose and where each is
16. Can you state the names of 5 polysaccharides?
17. Can you describe the structure and function of these 5 polysaccharides?
18. Do you know the role of hydrogen bonds in polysaccharides?
19. Can you describe the biological test for a reducing and non-reducing sugar and for starch?
©Tyrone R. L. John. www.biologyeducation.co.uk. 2020 3
20. Do you understand the quantitative benedict’s test and the use of standard solutions to calibrate
a colorimeter?
21. Can you determine the concentration of an unknown glucose solution from a calibration curve?
22. Do you understand why when measuring the percentage transmission of blue light through reduced
benedict’s reagent produces a negative correlation on a graph of percentage transmission of blue ligh
against glucose concentration.
23. Do you know the name of the reaction that can break the bond between monosaccharides in
disaccharides and polysaccharides? Can you describe this reaction and show it occurring with an annota
diagram?
Application of Knowledge
24. Can you apply your knowledge of carbohydrates to unfamiliar scenarios?
Assessment Objective Description
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, te
, AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniqu
• In a theoretical context
• In a practical context
• When handling qualitative data
• When handling quantitative data
AO3 Analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, i
to: • Make judgments and reach conclusions
• Develop and refine practical design and procedures
The ability to select, organise and communicate information and ideas coherently using
appropriate scientific conventions and vocabulary will be tested across the AO.
©Tyrone R. L. John. www.biologyeducation.co.uk. 2020 4
WORD BANK
Below is a list of some key words and phrases you will need to learn and understand in this carbohydrate
and general chemistry section.
• 1,4 glycosidic bond
• 1,6 glycosidic bond
• Aldehyde
• Alpha glucose
• Amylopectin
• Amylose
• Atom
• Beta glucose
• Cellulose
• Chitin
• Condensation reaction
• Disaccharide
• Element
• Fructose
• Galactose
• Glucose
• Glyceraldehyde
• Glycosidic bond
• Hexose
• Hydrogen bond
• Hydrolysis reaction
• Inorganic
• Isomer
• Ketone
• Lactose
