ADAPTATIONS FOR NUTRITION
NOTES
WJEC Unit 2
Eduqas Component 3 (A-Level Only)
1
STUDY CHECKLIST AND ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVES
Instructions
,Regular revision throughout the year is essential. It’s vital you keep a track of what you
understand and what you don’t understand. This booklet is designed to help you do this.
Use the following key to note how well you understand the work after your revision. Put the
letter R, A or G in the table. If you place an R or an A then you should make a note of what
you are struggling with and the end of this book under the relevant section and seek help
with this.
Key
R = Red. I am not confident about my knowledge and understanding
A = Amber. I am fairly confident about my knowledge and understanding
G = green. I am very confident about my knowledge and understanding
2
The following points are what you need to know, revise and
answer questions on.
Adaptations for Nutrition
General
1. Can you define the term nutrition and digestion.
2. Can you describe the following processes: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
3. Can you, define, describe and explain the following terms: Autotroph, heterotroph, photoautotroph
and chemoautotroph.
4. Can you explain what the following modes of nutrition are: saprophytic, holozoic, symbiotic and parasit
, 5. Can you state all the different types of holozoic nutrition and give examples of organisms that use each
6. Can you describe the digestion in unicellular organisms, e.g. amoeba.
7. Can you describe the digestion in a simple multicellular organism like hydra which has an undifferentiate
8. Can you describe the digestion in other multicellular organism that have a tube gut with specialised
regions, e.g. an earthworm.
Human Digestive system
9. Can you label a diagram of the human digestive system (also called the alimentary cannel).
10. Can you describe the functions of each part of the human digestive system and the conditions in each
region, e.g. pH levels.
11. Can you interpret microscope images of the ileum and the duodenum.
12. Can you label and describe the function of the various layers that make up the gut wall.
13. Can you fully describe the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. This must include th
names of the enzymes involved in the digestive process, where in the digestive track the digestion occurs
the products of the digestion.
14. Can you explain the role of mechanical digestion and where it occurs in the digestive tract.
15. Can you explain why some proteases and produced in an inactive for and the role of HCl and enterokin
in activating these enzymes.
16. Can you describe the role of endopeptidases and exopeptidases.
17. Can you describe the role of bile salts in the chemical digestion of lipids.
18. Can you describe the final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the ilium.
3
19. Can you fully describe the process of absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and glyc
in the ilium.
20. Do you know the function of the hepatic portal vein.
Adaptation of herbivores and carnivores to a cellulose and protein
diet respectively.
21. Can you describe the dentition of both a carnivore and a herbivore.
22. Can you describe the gut adaptation of a herbivore and a carnivore.
23. Can you describe the gut adaptations in a ruminant and a non-ruminant
Parasitic Nutrition
24. Can you define the term: Parasite.
, 25. Do you know the meaning of the terms: exoparasite and endoparasite.
26. Can you describe the nutrition of the head louse and its adaptations to being a parasite.
27. Can you describe and explain the functions of the adaptations of the pork tapeworm that allow its sur
in the human digestive system.
28. Can you describe and explain the life cycle of the pork tapeworm to include the secondary host and
how humans are infected with the pork tape worm.
Assessment Objective Description
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, tec
AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, technique
• In a theoretical context
• In a practical context
• When handling qualitative data
• When handling quantitative data
AO3 Analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, in
to: • Make judgments and reach conclusions
• Develop and refine practical design and procedures
4
WORD BANK
Below is a list of some key words and phrases you will need to learn and understand in this adaptation to
nutrition topic.
21. Emulsification
1. Abomasum
22. Enamel ridges
2. Absorption
23. Endoparasite
3. Anus
24. Endopeptidase
4. Assimilation
25. Enzyme
5. Autotroph
26. Exopeptidase
6. Bile
27. Extracellular digestion
7. Carnassial teeth
28. Gall bladder
8. Carnivore
29. Gastric pit
9. Chemical digestion
30. Goblet cell
10. Chemoautotrophic nutrition
31. Herbivore
11. Circular muscle
32. Hermaphrodite
12. Colon
33. Holozoic nutrition
13. Crypts of Lieberkühn
34. Horny pad
14. Dentition
35. Hydra
15. Detritivore
36. Ileum
16. Diastema
37. Immobilised enzyme 38.
17. Dipeptide Incisor
18. Duodenum
39. Ingestion
19. Ectoparasite
40. Lactase
20. Egestion
NOTES
WJEC Unit 2
Eduqas Component 3 (A-Level Only)
1
STUDY CHECKLIST AND ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVES
Instructions
,Regular revision throughout the year is essential. It’s vital you keep a track of what you
understand and what you don’t understand. This booklet is designed to help you do this.
Use the following key to note how well you understand the work after your revision. Put the
letter R, A or G in the table. If you place an R or an A then you should make a note of what
you are struggling with and the end of this book under the relevant section and seek help
with this.
Key
R = Red. I am not confident about my knowledge and understanding
A = Amber. I am fairly confident about my knowledge and understanding
G = green. I am very confident about my knowledge and understanding
2
The following points are what you need to know, revise and
answer questions on.
Adaptations for Nutrition
General
1. Can you define the term nutrition and digestion.
2. Can you describe the following processes: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
3. Can you, define, describe and explain the following terms: Autotroph, heterotroph, photoautotroph
and chemoautotroph.
4. Can you explain what the following modes of nutrition are: saprophytic, holozoic, symbiotic and parasit
, 5. Can you state all the different types of holozoic nutrition and give examples of organisms that use each
6. Can you describe the digestion in unicellular organisms, e.g. amoeba.
7. Can you describe the digestion in a simple multicellular organism like hydra which has an undifferentiate
8. Can you describe the digestion in other multicellular organism that have a tube gut with specialised
regions, e.g. an earthworm.
Human Digestive system
9. Can you label a diagram of the human digestive system (also called the alimentary cannel).
10. Can you describe the functions of each part of the human digestive system and the conditions in each
region, e.g. pH levels.
11. Can you interpret microscope images of the ileum and the duodenum.
12. Can you label and describe the function of the various layers that make up the gut wall.
13. Can you fully describe the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. This must include th
names of the enzymes involved in the digestive process, where in the digestive track the digestion occurs
the products of the digestion.
14. Can you explain the role of mechanical digestion and where it occurs in the digestive tract.
15. Can you explain why some proteases and produced in an inactive for and the role of HCl and enterokin
in activating these enzymes.
16. Can you describe the role of endopeptidases and exopeptidases.
17. Can you describe the role of bile salts in the chemical digestion of lipids.
18. Can you describe the final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the ilium.
3
19. Can you fully describe the process of absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and glyc
in the ilium.
20. Do you know the function of the hepatic portal vein.
Adaptation of herbivores and carnivores to a cellulose and protein
diet respectively.
21. Can you describe the dentition of both a carnivore and a herbivore.
22. Can you describe the gut adaptation of a herbivore and a carnivore.
23. Can you describe the gut adaptations in a ruminant and a non-ruminant
Parasitic Nutrition
24. Can you define the term: Parasite.
, 25. Do you know the meaning of the terms: exoparasite and endoparasite.
26. Can you describe the nutrition of the head louse and its adaptations to being a parasite.
27. Can you describe and explain the functions of the adaptations of the pork tapeworm that allow its sur
in the human digestive system.
28. Can you describe and explain the life cycle of the pork tapeworm to include the secondary host and
how humans are infected with the pork tape worm.
Assessment Objective Description
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, tec
AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, technique
• In a theoretical context
• In a practical context
• When handling qualitative data
• When handling quantitative data
AO3 Analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, in
to: • Make judgments and reach conclusions
• Develop and refine practical design and procedures
4
WORD BANK
Below is a list of some key words and phrases you will need to learn and understand in this adaptation to
nutrition topic.
21. Emulsification
1. Abomasum
22. Enamel ridges
2. Absorption
23. Endoparasite
3. Anus
24. Endopeptidase
4. Assimilation
25. Enzyme
5. Autotroph
26. Exopeptidase
6. Bile
27. Extracellular digestion
7. Carnassial teeth
28. Gall bladder
8. Carnivore
29. Gastric pit
9. Chemical digestion
30. Goblet cell
10. Chemoautotrophic nutrition
31. Herbivore
11. Circular muscle
32. Hermaphrodite
12. Colon
33. Holozoic nutrition
13. Crypts of Lieberkühn
34. Horny pad
14. Dentition
35. Hydra
15. Detritivore
36. Ileum
16. Diastema
37. Immobilised enzyme 38.
17. Dipeptide Incisor
18. Duodenum
39. Ingestion
19. Ectoparasite
40. Lactase
20. Egestion
