HUBS191 progress test 2 Questions and Correct
Answers, With Complete Solution. 171 Q&A Updated
2024/2025
the central nervous system consists of
brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system consists of
peripheral nerves
In the CNS, a group of cell bodies is called a
nucleus
in the CNS a bundle of axons is called a
tract
in the CNS a group of cell bodies is called
grey matter
in the CNS a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is called
white matter
in the PNS a group of cell bodies is called a
ganglion
in the PNS a bundle of axons is called a
nerve
4 structural components of neurons
dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal
purpose of dendrites
receives and transmits messages
Purpose of the cell body
contains nucleus and organelles, sums input
purpose of the axon
carries electrical impulses
purpose of the axon terminal(s)
neurotransmitter release
four types of glial cells
astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells
three features of astrocytes
supply nutrients, ensheath blood capillaries, injury response
2 features of microglia
Immune cells of CNS, engulf microorganisms and debris
2 features of schwann cells
line fluid filled spaces, circulate CSF
2 features of oligodendrocytes
support nerve fibres, ensheath them with myelin
communication through neurons occurs through a junction called a
synapse
information that goes into the brain is called
, afferent/ascending
response that comes out of the brain is called
efferent/descending
voluntary muscle control
somatic efferent (motor)
sensory information we are aware of
somatic afferent (sensory)
involuntary muscle control
autonomic efferent (motor)
sensory information we are not aware of
autonomic afferent (sensory)
What is the myelin sheath made of?
multiple shwann cells in line
what are the nodes of ranvier
gaps in the myelin sheath
purpose of myelin sheath
increase conduction velocity
structural make up of sympathetic nervous system (neurons #2 and #3, in order
of pre-ganglionic, distance from CNS and post-ganglionic)
short, close, long
structural make up of parasympathetic nervous system (neurons #2 and #3, in
order of pre-ganglionic, distance from CNS and post ganglionic)
long, distant, short
preganglionic cell body location in sympathetic
thoracolumbar
preganglionic cell body location in parasympathetic
craniosacral
postganglionic cell body location in sympathetic
cell body in ganglia, axons in target organs
postganglionic cell body location in parasympathetic
in or near target organs
neurotransmitters for preganglionic in sympathetic and parasympathetic,
respectively
acetylcholine
neurotransmitters for postganglionic in sympathetic and parasympathetic,
respectively
noradrenaline and acetylcholine
ways to speed up an action potential
larger diameter, myelinated, nodes of ranvier
what is EPSP
excitatory post synaptic potential
what is the threshold voltage for the axon terminal
-60mV
what is IPSP
inhibitory post synaptic potential
difference between IPSP and EPSP
Answers, With Complete Solution. 171 Q&A Updated
2024/2025
the central nervous system consists of
brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system consists of
peripheral nerves
In the CNS, a group of cell bodies is called a
nucleus
in the CNS a bundle of axons is called a
tract
in the CNS a group of cell bodies is called
grey matter
in the CNS a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is called
white matter
in the PNS a group of cell bodies is called a
ganglion
in the PNS a bundle of axons is called a
nerve
4 structural components of neurons
dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal
purpose of dendrites
receives and transmits messages
Purpose of the cell body
contains nucleus and organelles, sums input
purpose of the axon
carries electrical impulses
purpose of the axon terminal(s)
neurotransmitter release
four types of glial cells
astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells
three features of astrocytes
supply nutrients, ensheath blood capillaries, injury response
2 features of microglia
Immune cells of CNS, engulf microorganisms and debris
2 features of schwann cells
line fluid filled spaces, circulate CSF
2 features of oligodendrocytes
support nerve fibres, ensheath them with myelin
communication through neurons occurs through a junction called a
synapse
information that goes into the brain is called
, afferent/ascending
response that comes out of the brain is called
efferent/descending
voluntary muscle control
somatic efferent (motor)
sensory information we are aware of
somatic afferent (sensory)
involuntary muscle control
autonomic efferent (motor)
sensory information we are not aware of
autonomic afferent (sensory)
What is the myelin sheath made of?
multiple shwann cells in line
what are the nodes of ranvier
gaps in the myelin sheath
purpose of myelin sheath
increase conduction velocity
structural make up of sympathetic nervous system (neurons #2 and #3, in order
of pre-ganglionic, distance from CNS and post-ganglionic)
short, close, long
structural make up of parasympathetic nervous system (neurons #2 and #3, in
order of pre-ganglionic, distance from CNS and post ganglionic)
long, distant, short
preganglionic cell body location in sympathetic
thoracolumbar
preganglionic cell body location in parasympathetic
craniosacral
postganglionic cell body location in sympathetic
cell body in ganglia, axons in target organs
postganglionic cell body location in parasympathetic
in or near target organs
neurotransmitters for preganglionic in sympathetic and parasympathetic,
respectively
acetylcholine
neurotransmitters for postganglionic in sympathetic and parasympathetic,
respectively
noradrenaline and acetylcholine
ways to speed up an action potential
larger diameter, myelinated, nodes of ranvier
what is EPSP
excitatory post synaptic potential
what is the threshold voltage for the axon terminal
-60mV
what is IPSP
inhibitory post synaptic potential
difference between IPSP and EPSP
