,TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMEN
INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND
FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO
GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS
Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
• Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
• Intuitive
• Analytical
• Experiential
• Augenblick
• Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
• Methodical and systematic
• Attentive to the client’s verbal and nonverbal language
• Able to accurately interpret the client’s responses
• Adept at reading into the client’s statements
• Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
• Chief complaint
• History of the present illness
• Current vital signs
• All of the above are essential history components
• Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be ab
• Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
• Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
• Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
• Foresee unpredictable findings
• The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
• Evidence-based investigations
• Primary reports of research
• Estimation based on a provider’s experience
• Published meta-analyses
,• The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
• Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
• Clinical practice guidelines
• Evidence-based research
• All of the above
• If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
• High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
• Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
• Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
• None of the above
If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
• Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
• High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
• High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
• Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
• Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
• Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
• Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
• Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or clients?
• Clinical practice guideline
• Clinical decision rule
• Clinical algorithm
• Clinical recommendation
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
• AN
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical.
Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience and intuition o
clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is b
on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
PT
• AN
, To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the client’s verbal and nonverbal lan
and able to accurately interpret the client’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the client’s statem
they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
PT
• AN
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of client assessment, not part of the health history.
PT
• AN
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and
abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms,
recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of vari
abnormal findings.
PT
• AN
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-analyses.
Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for application to the reason
process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past
decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasin
expectation that clinical reasoning be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasin
being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
PT
• AN
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed to assist the
clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when pro
applied.
PT
• AN
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an
abnormal, or positive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given
condition will have an abnormal result.
PT
• AN
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal resu
greater the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if t
not have the target condition.
PT
• AN
INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND
FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO
GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS
Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
• Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
• Intuitive
• Analytical
• Experiential
• Augenblick
• Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
• Methodical and systematic
• Attentive to the client’s verbal and nonverbal language
• Able to accurately interpret the client’s responses
• Adept at reading into the client’s statements
• Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
• Chief complaint
• History of the present illness
• Current vital signs
• All of the above are essential history components
• Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be ab
• Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
• Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
• Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
• Foresee unpredictable findings
• The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
• Evidence-based investigations
• Primary reports of research
• Estimation based on a provider’s experience
• Published meta-analyses
,• The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
• Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
• Clinical practice guidelines
• Evidence-based research
• All of the above
• If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
• High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
• Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
• Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
• None of the above
If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
• Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
• High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
• High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
• Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
• Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
• Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
• Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
• Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or clients?
• Clinical practice guideline
• Clinical decision rule
• Clinical algorithm
• Clinical recommendation
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
• AN
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical.
Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience and intuition o
clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is b
on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
PT
• AN
, To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the client’s verbal and nonverbal lan
and able to accurately interpret the client’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the client’s statem
they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
PT
• AN
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of client assessment, not part of the health history.
PT
• AN
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and
abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms,
recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of vari
abnormal findings.
PT
• AN
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-analyses.
Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for application to the reason
process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past
decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasin
expectation that clinical reasoning be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasin
being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
PT
• AN
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed to assist the
clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when pro
applied.
PT
• AN
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an
abnormal, or positive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given
condition will have an abnormal result.
PT
• AN
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal resu
greater the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if t
not have the target condition.
PT
• AN
