week 8 NR 546 EXAM QUESTIONS (33 TERMS)
WITH VERIFIED DEFINITIONS UPDATED 2024
1). Early (1-3 years) signs of ad
Ans: short term memory deficits
disoriented to date
diminished recall of recent events
mild language and decision-making deficits
mild problem copying figures (clock drawing)
social withdrawal
mood change
personality changes
problems with managing finances
2). Middle (2-8 years) stage of ad
Ans: disoriented to date and place
may get lost in familiar places
impaired learning new skills
agitation, aggression, restlessness, or anxiety
difficulty with ADLs such as cooking and grooming
3). Late (6-12 years) stage of ad
Ans: disoriented to person, time, or place
non-verbal
long term memory diminished
unable to groom or dress
progress to need for total care at end stage
incontinent
motor or verbal agitation
4). Alzheimer's disease (ad) demographic
Ans: most prevalent in people over age 65
African American (13.8%),
Hispanics (12.2%),
non-Hispanic whites (10.3%),
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, American Indian and Alaska Natives (9.1%),
Asian and Pacific Islanders (8.4%)
5). Genetics r/t ad
Ans: Genes appear to play a strong role, with late-onset AD showing heritability of
58-79% and early-onset AD showing over 90%
6). Neuroanatomy r/t ad
Ans: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
atrophy of hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
7). Neural networks r/t ad
Ans: damage to synapses, mitochondrial abnormalities, and inflammatory processes
8). Neural signaling r/t ad
Ans: decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and a permanent loss of cholinergic
neurons
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter necessary for processing memory and learning.
9). Diagnosis of ad
Ans: comprehensive health history is key to gather clues
Rule out other causes of dementia
Early AD may include anxiety, irritability, and sleep disruption
new-onset mental health symptoms in late 50s and 60s may be in the early stage of AD
10). Cholinesterase inhibitors (cheis)x
Ans: do not change the progression of AD
provide some alleviation of symptoms
eg. donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne, Razadyne ER),
11). Donepezil (aricept)
mechanism of action
Ans: inhibits centrally active acetylcholinesterase
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 7
WITH VERIFIED DEFINITIONS UPDATED 2024
1). Early (1-3 years) signs of ad
Ans: short term memory deficits
disoriented to date
diminished recall of recent events
mild language and decision-making deficits
mild problem copying figures (clock drawing)
social withdrawal
mood change
personality changes
problems with managing finances
2). Middle (2-8 years) stage of ad
Ans: disoriented to date and place
may get lost in familiar places
impaired learning new skills
agitation, aggression, restlessness, or anxiety
difficulty with ADLs such as cooking and grooming
3). Late (6-12 years) stage of ad
Ans: disoriented to person, time, or place
non-verbal
long term memory diminished
unable to groom or dress
progress to need for total care at end stage
incontinent
motor or verbal agitation
4). Alzheimer's disease (ad) demographic
Ans: most prevalent in people over age 65
African American (13.8%),
Hispanics (12.2%),
non-Hispanic whites (10.3%),
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 7
, American Indian and Alaska Natives (9.1%),
Asian and Pacific Islanders (8.4%)
5). Genetics r/t ad
Ans: Genes appear to play a strong role, with late-onset AD showing heritability of
58-79% and early-onset AD showing over 90%
6). Neuroanatomy r/t ad
Ans: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
atrophy of hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
7). Neural networks r/t ad
Ans: damage to synapses, mitochondrial abnormalities, and inflammatory processes
8). Neural signaling r/t ad
Ans: decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and a permanent loss of cholinergic
neurons
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter necessary for processing memory and learning.
9). Diagnosis of ad
Ans: comprehensive health history is key to gather clues
Rule out other causes of dementia
Early AD may include anxiety, irritability, and sleep disruption
new-onset mental health symptoms in late 50s and 60s may be in the early stage of AD
10). Cholinesterase inhibitors (cheis)x
Ans: do not change the progression of AD
provide some alleviation of symptoms
eg. donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne, Razadyne ER),
11). Donepezil (aricept)
mechanism of action
Ans: inhibits centrally active acetylcholinesterase
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 7
