NR 546 / NR546 Psychopharmacology Midterm
Exam Questions and Answers ()
(Verified Answers)
1). Prefrontal cortex symptoms of mdd
Ans: Concentration
Mental Fatigue
Mood
2). Pfc & amygdala symptoms of mdd
Ans: Guilt
Suicidality
Worthlessness
3). Striatum symptoms of mdd
Ans: Physical fatigue
4). Nucleus accumbens symptoms of mdd
Ans: Pleasure interests
5). Hypothalamus symptoms of mdd
Ans: Sleep
Appetite
6). Thalamus & hypothalamus symptoms of mania
Ans: Decreased sleep/arousal
7). Striatum symptoms of mania
Ans: Motor/agitation
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, 8). Prefrontal cortex (pfc) symptoms of mania
Ans: Risk-taking
Talkative/pressured speech
9). Nucleus accumbens & pfc symptoms of mania
Ans: Racing thoughts, grandiosity
10). Pfc & amygdala symptoms of mania
Ans: Mood
11). Medication management
Ans: SSRI-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
*Inhibit 5 HT reuptake
SNRI-Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake
*inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
*increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
NDRI-Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake inhibitors
*inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
*inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
SARI-Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitors
12). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris): most adverse effects will subside after 4-5
days once the body adjusts to increased serotonin levels.
Ans: diarrhea
headache
weight gain
sexual side effects
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, 13). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (snris): medications should not be abruptly
stopped to avoid discontinuation symptoms. ne effects of the medication may increase
anxiety in some clients. report worsening anxiety to the provider.
Ans: elevated blood pressure
anxiety
insomnia
constipation
14). Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (ndri): take medication in the morning. stop
taking medication if seizures occur. stop taking medication if anxiety is noted.
Ans: agitation
headache
dry mouth
constipation
weight loss
15). Escitalopram (lexapro) ssri
Ans: no known drug interactions
best tolerated SSRI
27-32 hour half-life good for forgetful prone clients
least CYP reactions
Substrate for 3A4
16). Citalopram (celexa) ssri
Ans: mild antihistamine effects; Half-Life: 23-45 hours
Weak Inhibitor of 2D6
17). Fluoxetine (prozac) ssri
Ans: longest half-life
Use caution in patients with comorbid anxiety due to risk for activation and panic attacks
Half-Life: 2-3 days parent, 2 week metabolite
Inhibits 2D6 and 3A4
18). Paroxetine (paxil) ssri
Ans: also treats social anxiety and insomnia
associated with weight gain
will experience withdrawal with missed dose or abrupt stop
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, Half-Life: 24 hours
Inhibits 2D6
19). Fluvoxamine (luvox) ssri
Ans: treats anxious depression smokers require an increased dose
Half-Life: 9-28 hours
Inhibits 3A4, 2C9, 1A2
20). Sertraline (zoloft) ssri
Ans: also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
Half-Life: 22-36 hour parent; 62-104 hour metabolite
Inhibits 2D6 and 3A4 weakly at low doses
21). Venlafaxine (effexor)
Ans: treats both depression and anxiety disorders, ensure trial of higher dose before
switching to a different medication
Half-life: Parent drug 3-7 hour; metabolite has 9-13 hour
22). Duloxetine (cymbalta) snri
Ans: effective for atypical pain at higher doses; appropriate for clients who present
with somatic symptoms of depression; effective for atypical pain, such as fibromyalgia
and diabetic neuropathy
Half-Life: 12 hours
Inhibitor of 2D6
23). Bupropion (wellbutrin)
Ans: NDRI may improve energy, alertness, and motivation; not first-line treatment for
anxiety; contraindicated in clients with a history of seizures
Avoid in patients with comorbid anxiety
Half-Life: Parent 10-14 hours; Metabolite 20-27 hours
Inhibits 2D6
PaperStoc.com Page 4 of 53
Exam Questions and Answers ()
(Verified Answers)
1). Prefrontal cortex symptoms of mdd
Ans: Concentration
Mental Fatigue
Mood
2). Pfc & amygdala symptoms of mdd
Ans: Guilt
Suicidality
Worthlessness
3). Striatum symptoms of mdd
Ans: Physical fatigue
4). Nucleus accumbens symptoms of mdd
Ans: Pleasure interests
5). Hypothalamus symptoms of mdd
Ans: Sleep
Appetite
6). Thalamus & hypothalamus symptoms of mania
Ans: Decreased sleep/arousal
7). Striatum symptoms of mania
Ans: Motor/agitation
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 53
, 8). Prefrontal cortex (pfc) symptoms of mania
Ans: Risk-taking
Talkative/pressured speech
9). Nucleus accumbens & pfc symptoms of mania
Ans: Racing thoughts, grandiosity
10). Pfc & amygdala symptoms of mania
Ans: Mood
11). Medication management
Ans: SSRI-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
*Inhibit 5 HT reuptake
SNRI-Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake
*inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
*increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
NDRI-Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake inhibitors
*inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
*inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
SARI-Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitors
12). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris): most adverse effects will subside after 4-5
days once the body adjusts to increased serotonin levels.
Ans: diarrhea
headache
weight gain
sexual side effects
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 53
, 13). Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (snris): medications should not be abruptly
stopped to avoid discontinuation symptoms. ne effects of the medication may increase
anxiety in some clients. report worsening anxiety to the provider.
Ans: elevated blood pressure
anxiety
insomnia
constipation
14). Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (ndri): take medication in the morning. stop
taking medication if seizures occur. stop taking medication if anxiety is noted.
Ans: agitation
headache
dry mouth
constipation
weight loss
15). Escitalopram (lexapro) ssri
Ans: no known drug interactions
best tolerated SSRI
27-32 hour half-life good for forgetful prone clients
least CYP reactions
Substrate for 3A4
16). Citalopram (celexa) ssri
Ans: mild antihistamine effects; Half-Life: 23-45 hours
Weak Inhibitor of 2D6
17). Fluoxetine (prozac) ssri
Ans: longest half-life
Use caution in patients with comorbid anxiety due to risk for activation and panic attacks
Half-Life: 2-3 days parent, 2 week metabolite
Inhibits 2D6 and 3A4
18). Paroxetine (paxil) ssri
Ans: also treats social anxiety and insomnia
associated with weight gain
will experience withdrawal with missed dose or abrupt stop
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 53
, Half-Life: 24 hours
Inhibits 2D6
19). Fluvoxamine (luvox) ssri
Ans: treats anxious depression smokers require an increased dose
Half-Life: 9-28 hours
Inhibits 3A4, 2C9, 1A2
20). Sertraline (zoloft) ssri
Ans: also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
Half-Life: 22-36 hour parent; 62-104 hour metabolite
Inhibits 2D6 and 3A4 weakly at low doses
21). Venlafaxine (effexor)
Ans: treats both depression and anxiety disorders, ensure trial of higher dose before
switching to a different medication
Half-life: Parent drug 3-7 hour; metabolite has 9-13 hour
22). Duloxetine (cymbalta) snri
Ans: effective for atypical pain at higher doses; appropriate for clients who present
with somatic symptoms of depression; effective for atypical pain, such as fibromyalgia
and diabetic neuropathy
Half-Life: 12 hours
Inhibitor of 2D6
23). Bupropion (wellbutrin)
Ans: NDRI may improve energy, alertness, and motivation; not first-line treatment for
anxiety; contraindicated in clients with a history of seizures
Avoid in patients with comorbid anxiety
Half-Life: Parent 10-14 hours; Metabolite 20-27 hours
Inhibits 2D6
PaperStoc.com Page 4 of 53
