Lecture notes on Minoan and Mycenaean civilisation - before 'Ancient Greece'

These notes provide a comprehensive overview of the Mycenaeans and Minoans, two ancient civilisations that thrived in the Aegean region. Here's a summary of the key points covered: 1. Context: The rediscovery of the ancient world in post-Renaissance Europe led to early excavations and scholarly pursuits. Figures like Homer, Johann Jochim Winckelmann, and Stuart and Revett played significant roles in this rediscovery. 2. Minoans: Arthur Evans played a crucial role in uncovering the Minoan civilisation, particularly at the palace of Knossos. The Minoans, centred around Knossos, were known for their advanced architecture, hieroglyphic writing, and intricate artwork. 3. Minoan Palaces: These were complex structures featuring courtyards, storerooms, workshops, and ritual areas. Despite lacking fortification walls, they were centres of power and culture. 4. Art and Religion: Minoan art often depicted nature and floral patterns, and gold jewellery was prominent. Religious symbolism, such as the Horns of Consecration, was significant. 5. Controversies: Arthur Evans' interpretations of Minoan culture, including the Palace of Minos, have faced criticism. Issues like the use of colour and potential forgeries have been debated. 6. Mycenaeans: Heinrich Schliemann's discoveries, including Mycenae and Troy, shed light on the Mycenaean civilisation. Their architecture, such as the defensive Lion's Gate, and script, Linear B, offer insights into their culture. 7. Decline: The Mycenaean civilisation experienced a decline around the late 13th/12th century BC, attributed to various factors like climate change, earthquakes, invasion by the Sea Peoples, and internal conflicts. These notes delve into the archaeological, historical, and cultural aspects of these ancient civilisations, offering valuable insights into the rich tapestry of Aegean history.