TAMU BIO 107 Exam 2 - Christopher Lee Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Already Passed

What is a virus? - a protein body made up of a capsid with DNA or RNA in it Viruses go in a host, then.. - go through replication and assembly the host cell membrane is draped over the virus as the.. - virus squeezes out through the cell wall a naked virus does not have.. - envelope what is covid 19 - a respiratory virus because the receptor it uses to get inside the body is only found in the lungs (ace 2) what did we not know about covid 19? - -causes an overzealous inflammation in your lungs -fluid gets out of capillary beds so your lungs fill up with fluid and you drown what are the two ways vaccines work? - 1) take virus, chop into small pieces and put in a solution 2) attenuated (weakened), let your own immune system whoop it so we get used to it what are the two laws of thermodynamics? - -conservation of energy -entropy what is conversion of entropy? - energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another what is entropy? - when energy is changed from one form to another, there is a loss of energy which is left available to do workwhat are the three types of energy? - kinetic -- motion potential -- stored chemical -- food chemoheterotroph - an organism that gets its energy, what turns into glucose, from chemicals or other sources photoautotroph - an organism that gets its energy, what turns into glucose, from sunlight what is a heterodant? - an organism with all different sorts of teeth, typically omnivores exergonic reaction - products have less free energy than reactants -release energy -occurs spontaneously endergonic reaction - products have more free energy than reactants -requires energy input -does not occur spontaneously -all the biosynthesis in our cells ATP - -a high energy compound used to drive metabolic reactions -not stored by cells When does ATP give off energy? - when bond breaks on terminal phosphate and becomes adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate what is the equation for Gibbs Free Energy? - ΔG = ΔH - TΔS change in Gibbs free energy is equal to the change in height minus the time times the change in speedATP hydrolosis - ATP power pumps, drive against the gradient. Drives sodium and potassium in opposite directions, against their gradients -is an exodrolysis negative process (goes with water being split) penicillin - -a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme that interferes with bacterial cell wall construction Lysosyme - -in our saliva and kills bacteria -this enzyme is what makes it so that (SUGAR FREE) gum can help kill bacteria, by chewing it you release saliva and thus end up killing a fair amount of bacteria Cyanide - -uncouples electron transport chains and inhibits enzymes required for ATP production -no ETC = no ATP -- no electrical currency -ETCs are in eukaryotes and prokaryotes OIL RIG - oxidation is loss of electron reduction is gain of electron enzymes - -they bind substrates and kick out a product -they oxidize, reduce, or rearrange a substrate cellular respiration - glucose + oxygen -- CO2 + H2O + ATP -comes from photosynthesis -photoautotrophs use CO2 and sunlight to make glucose What is a cramp? - sustained, involuntary muscle contraction - no ATP to get the myosin heads to let go what is a cramp called when you're dead? - rigor mortisRedox cycle - -if something is reduced because something else is oxidized -both organelles are chloroplasts and mitochondria what 2 groups of organisms make biofuels? - algae and cyanobacteria what are biofuels? - molecules made by autotrophs and are combustible (so we can put them in machines) What are obligate anaerobes? - organisms th