HESI PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK 2024
UPDATE A+ GRADED.
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
patient's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare
to administer as prescribed to the patient?
• Calcium chloride
• Calcium gluconate
• Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
• Large doses of vitamin D 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This patient is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid
hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and
lowering the serum calcium concentration.
,2. The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient.
The nurse notes that the patient is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the
medication prescription, the nurse would suspect that the patient is being treated for:
• Acne
• Eczema
• Hair loss
• Herpes simplex 1. Acne
Rationale:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid
appears to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and decreasing
the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
3. Saquinavir (Invirase) is prescribed for the patient who is human immunodeficiency
virus seropositive. The nurse reinforces medication instructions and tells the patient
to:
• Avoid sun exposure.
• Eat low-calorie foods.
,• Eat foods that are low in fat.
• Take the medication on an empty stomach. 1. Avoid sunexposure.
Rationale:
Saquinavir (Invirase) is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used with other
antiretroviral medications to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Saquinavir is administered with meals and is best absorbed if the patient consumes
high-calorie, high- fat meals. Saquinavir can cause photosensitivity, and the nurse
should instruct the patient to avoid sun exposure.
4. Ketoconazole is prescribed for a patient with a diagnosis of candidiasis. Select the
interventions that the nurse includes when administering this medication. Select all
that apply.
• Restrict fluid intake.
• Instruct the patient to avoid alcohol.
• Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
, • Administer the medication with an antacid.
• Instruct the patient to avoid exposure to the sun.
• Administer the medication on an empty stomach. 2. Instruct
the patient to avoid alcohol.
3. Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
• Instruct the patient to avoid exposure to the sun.
Rationale:
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. It is administered with food (not on an
empty stomach) and antacids are avoided for 2 hours after taking the medication to
ensure absorption. The medication is hepatotoxic and the nurse monitors liver
function studies. The patient is instructed to avoid exposure to the sun because the
medication increases photosensitivity. The patient is also instructed to avoid alcohol.
There is no reason for the patient to restrict fluid intake. In fact, this could be
harmful to the patient.
• A patient with human immunodeficiency virus is taking nevirapine (Viramune).
The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects of the medication? Select all that
apply.
• Rash
UPDATE A+ GRADED.
1. A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
patient's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare
to administer as prescribed to the patient?
• Calcium chloride
• Calcium gluconate
• Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
• Large doses of vitamin D 3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This patient is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid
hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and
lowering the serum calcium concentration.
,2. The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient.
The nurse notes that the patient is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the
medication prescription, the nurse would suspect that the patient is being treated for:
• Acne
• Eczema
• Hair loss
• Herpes simplex 1. Acne
Rationale:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid
appears to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and decreasing
the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
3. Saquinavir (Invirase) is prescribed for the patient who is human immunodeficiency
virus seropositive. The nurse reinforces medication instructions and tells the patient
to:
• Avoid sun exposure.
• Eat low-calorie foods.
,• Eat foods that are low in fat.
• Take the medication on an empty stomach. 1. Avoid sunexposure.
Rationale:
Saquinavir (Invirase) is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used with other
antiretroviral medications to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Saquinavir is administered with meals and is best absorbed if the patient consumes
high-calorie, high- fat meals. Saquinavir can cause photosensitivity, and the nurse
should instruct the patient to avoid sun exposure.
4. Ketoconazole is prescribed for a patient with a diagnosis of candidiasis. Select the
interventions that the nurse includes when administering this medication. Select all
that apply.
• Restrict fluid intake.
• Instruct the patient to avoid alcohol.
• Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
, • Administer the medication with an antacid.
• Instruct the patient to avoid exposure to the sun.
• Administer the medication on an empty stomach. 2. Instruct
the patient to avoid alcohol.
3. Monitor hepatic and liver function studies.
• Instruct the patient to avoid exposure to the sun.
Rationale:
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. It is administered with food (not on an
empty stomach) and antacids are avoided for 2 hours after taking the medication to
ensure absorption. The medication is hepatotoxic and the nurse monitors liver
function studies. The patient is instructed to avoid exposure to the sun because the
medication increases photosensitivity. The patient is also instructed to avoid alcohol.
There is no reason for the patient to restrict fluid intake. In fact, this could be
harmful to the patient.
• A patient with human immunodeficiency virus is taking nevirapine (Viramune).
The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects of the medication? Select all that
apply.
• Rash
