BIO235 Final exam questions - CH 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. Actual Exam Questions Included. Updated 2024.

BIO235 Final exam questions - CH 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. Actual Exam Questions Included. Updated 2024. Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm? a) Epicardium b) Abdominal cavity c) Pericardium d) Mediastinum e) Thoracic cavity d) Mediastinum The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the a) pericardium. b) pleura. c) myocardium. d) mediastinum. e) endocardium. a) pericardium. The apex of the heart is normally pointed a) at the midline. b) to the left of the midline. c) to the right of the midline. d) is different for males and females e) posteriorly. b) to the left of the midline. The outermost layer of the pericardium, which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue, is called the a) parietal layer of pericardium. b) serous pericardium. c) fibrous pericardium. d) epicardium. e) endocardium. c) fibrous pericardium. Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart? a) Synovial fluid b) Endocardium c) Pleural fluid d) Pericardial fluid e) Capillary endothelium d) Pericardial fluid Which layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue? a) Epicardium b) Myocardium c) Endocardium d) Fibrous pericardium e) None of the answer selections are correct a) Epicardium Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue? a) Epicardium b) Pericardium c) Myocardium d) Endocardium e) Hypocardium c) Myocardium Identify the pouch-like structure that increases the total filling capacity of the atrium. a) Ventricle b) Coronary sulcus c) Fossa ovalis d) Interatrial septum e) Auricle. e) Auricle. Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles. a) Coronary sulcus b) Anterior interventricular sulcus c) Posterior interventricular sulcus d) Coronary sinus e) Anterior intraventricular sulcus b) Anterior interventricular sulcus Identify the muscular ridges that are found on the anterior wall of the right atrium and extend into the auricles. a) Pectinate muscles b) Trabeculae carneae c) Coronary sulci d) Papillary muscles e) Chordae tendinae a) Pectinate muscles Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle? a) Bicuspid valve b) Interventricular septum c) Tricuspid valve d) Mitral valve e) Ascending aorta c) Tricuspid valve What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart? a) Dense connective tissue b) Areolar connective tissue c) Hyaline cartilage d) Cardiac muscle tissue e) Adipose tissue a) Dense connective tissue Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures? a) Right atrium b) Interventricular septum c) Bicuspid valve d) Aortic semilunar valve e) Pulmonary semilunar valve d) Aortic semilunar valve Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta. a) Fossa ovalis b) Foramen ovale c) Trabeculae carneae d) Descending aorta e) Ductus arteriosus e) Ductus arteriosus Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly a) into arteries. b) into capillaries. c) into veins. d) through an atrioventricular valve. e) through the apex. a) into arteries. Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly a) into auricles. b) into arteries. c) into veins d) through atrioventricular valves e) through semilunar valves. d) through atrioventricular valves 18) Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle? a) Tricuspid valve b) Bicuspid valve c) Pulmonary semilunar valve d) Aortic semilunar valve e) Mitral valve c) Pulmonary semilunar valve What of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood? a) Left atrium and left ventricle b) Left atrium only c) Right atrium and right ventricle d) Right ventricle only e) Left atrium and right ventricle c) Right atrium and right ventricle Which of the following blood vessel is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium? a) Coronary artery b) Coronary vein c) Coronary sinus d) Vena cava e) Myocardial vein a) Coronary artery Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by a) desmosomes. b) tight junctions. c) gap junctions. d) interneurons. e) chordae tendinae. c) gap junctions. Which of the following type of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell? a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) All the muscle types contain approximately the same number. e) Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells. c) Cardiac muscle Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart? a) Systemic circuit b) Intercalated discs c) Cardiovascular center d) Cardiac conduction system e) Pulmonary circuit d) Cardiac conduction system Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart? a) Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Atrioventricular (AV) node b) Sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His c) Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His d) SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers e) Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers d) SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for _____ period of time. a) a shorter b) a longer c) the same b) a longer The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the a) cardiac output. b) cardiac input. c) stroke volume. d) heart rate. e) pulse pressure. a) cardiac output. Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? a) filling b) systole c) repolarization d) diastole e) fibrillation b) systole During which of following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries? a) atrial diastole b) ventricular diastole c) atrial systole d) ventricular systole d) ventricular systole The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below? a) Valvular stenosis b) Semilunar valves opening c) Atrioventricular valves closing d) Semilunar valves closing e) Atrioventricular valves opening d) Semilunar valves closing Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute? a) Cardiac accelerator nerves b) Atrioventricular node c) Cardiovascular center d) Sinoatrial node e) Bundle of His d) Sinoatrial node Stimulation of which nerve reduces heart rate? a) Cardiac accelerator nerve b) Hypoglossal nerve c) Spinal accessory d) Vagus nerve e) Phrenic nerve d) Vagus nerve Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate? a) Increased norepinephrine release b) Increased thyroid hormone release c) Increased potassium levels in plasma d) Increased calcium levels in plasma e) Increased sympathetic stimulation c) Increased potassium levels in plasma Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate? a) Midbrain b) Cerebrum c) Medulla oblongata d) Cerebellum e) Thalamus c) Medulla oblongata Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles? a) R wave b) T wave c) S wave d) P wave e) Q wave b) T wave Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume? a) increased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility b) decreased preload, decreased afterload, decreased contractility c) increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility