Psych 331 Exam 1 54 Questions with Verified
Answers.
Dictionary definition: Personality - ANS State of being a person, characteristics and
qualities that form a person’s distinctive character, sum of persons physical, mental,
emotional and social characteristics
Psychological definition: Personality - ANS Unique & relatively enduring internal &
external aspects of a person's character; they influence behavior in different
situations
Personality theorists traditionally consisted of white men of European and American
heritage (T/F)? - ANS True, theories also ignored ethnic & gender influences
Define reliability - ANS Consistency of response to a psychological assessment
device
Define validity - ANS Extent to which an assessment device measures what it is
intended to measure
Case studies are..? What are their advantages? - ANS Detailed history of an
individual, contains data from various sources. Advantage--> provides an in-depth
view of one's personality
Explain the experimental method, IV & DV, experimental group & control group &
advantages to the experimental method? - ANS Involves determining effects of
variables or events on behavior, an experimental situation is arranged by
psychologists.
IV--> variable that is manipulated
DV--> variable that is measured
Experimental group--> exposed to experimental treatment
Control group--> does not receive experimental treatment
Advantages--> well controlled & systematic
Explain the virtual research method, advantages & disadvantages? - ANS Online
test administration (psychological tests, opinion surveys, and subject responses to
experimental stimuli)
Advantage--> fast responses, inexpensive, reaches broad range of subjects
Disadvantages--> sample may not represent the population, honesty & accuracy of
data is questionable
Explain the correlational method - ANS Measures the degree of relationship l
between two variables, expressed by the correlation coefficient which ranges from -
1.00 to +100
**Advantage--> helps make predictions in the real world
**disadvantage--> cause & effects conclusions may be flawed
Page 1|5
, List of Questions about human nature - ANS Free will or determinism?
Inherited nature or nurturing environment?
Dependent or independent of childhood?
Unique or universal?
Satisfaction or growth?
Optimism or pessimism?
Sigmund Freud biography - ANS 1856-1939
Lived primarily in Vienna
Father--> strict authoritarian
Mother--> adored & spoiled Freud
*Freud struggled with sexuality & impotence
*created theory based from personal experiences & memories
What are instincts? - ANS Propelling forces of personality, form of energy
What are life instincts? - ANS *Oriented toward survival
*libido (sexual desire)
*cachexia (concentration of mental energy on one particular person, idea or object
What are death instincts? - ANS -compulsion to destroy & conquer
-Aggressive
What are the 3 levels of personality - ANS 1) conscious (top)
2) Preconscious (middle)
3) Unconscious (bottom)
What role does the conscious play in personality? - ANS Experiences in awareness,
limited aspect of the personality
What role does the preconscious play in personality? - ANS Storehouse of memories
& thoughts, can call into consciousness
What role does the unconscious play in personality? - ANS Home of the instincts,
major driving power behind all behaviors
What is the ID part of personality? - ANS Pleasure principle, primary process
thinking
What is the Ego part of personality? - ANS Reality principle, secondary process
thinking
What is the superego part of personality? - ANS Internalized values, conscience,
Ego-ideal
Define repression - ANS Unconscious removal from awareness
Define sublimation - ANS displacing ID impulses into socially acceptable behaviors
Page 2|5
Answers.
Dictionary definition: Personality - ANS State of being a person, characteristics and
qualities that form a person’s distinctive character, sum of persons physical, mental,
emotional and social characteristics
Psychological definition: Personality - ANS Unique & relatively enduring internal &
external aspects of a person's character; they influence behavior in different
situations
Personality theorists traditionally consisted of white men of European and American
heritage (T/F)? - ANS True, theories also ignored ethnic & gender influences
Define reliability - ANS Consistency of response to a psychological assessment
device
Define validity - ANS Extent to which an assessment device measures what it is
intended to measure
Case studies are..? What are their advantages? - ANS Detailed history of an
individual, contains data from various sources. Advantage--> provides an in-depth
view of one's personality
Explain the experimental method, IV & DV, experimental group & control group &
advantages to the experimental method? - ANS Involves determining effects of
variables or events on behavior, an experimental situation is arranged by
psychologists.
IV--> variable that is manipulated
DV--> variable that is measured
Experimental group--> exposed to experimental treatment
Control group--> does not receive experimental treatment
Advantages--> well controlled & systematic
Explain the virtual research method, advantages & disadvantages? - ANS Online
test administration (psychological tests, opinion surveys, and subject responses to
experimental stimuli)
Advantage--> fast responses, inexpensive, reaches broad range of subjects
Disadvantages--> sample may not represent the population, honesty & accuracy of
data is questionable
Explain the correlational method - ANS Measures the degree of relationship l
between two variables, expressed by the correlation coefficient which ranges from -
1.00 to +100
**Advantage--> helps make predictions in the real world
**disadvantage--> cause & effects conclusions may be flawed
Page 1|5
, List of Questions about human nature - ANS Free will or determinism?
Inherited nature or nurturing environment?
Dependent or independent of childhood?
Unique or universal?
Satisfaction or growth?
Optimism or pessimism?
Sigmund Freud biography - ANS 1856-1939
Lived primarily in Vienna
Father--> strict authoritarian
Mother--> adored & spoiled Freud
*Freud struggled with sexuality & impotence
*created theory based from personal experiences & memories
What are instincts? - ANS Propelling forces of personality, form of energy
What are life instincts? - ANS *Oriented toward survival
*libido (sexual desire)
*cachexia (concentration of mental energy on one particular person, idea or object
What are death instincts? - ANS -compulsion to destroy & conquer
-Aggressive
What are the 3 levels of personality - ANS 1) conscious (top)
2) Preconscious (middle)
3) Unconscious (bottom)
What role does the conscious play in personality? - ANS Experiences in awareness,
limited aspect of the personality
What role does the preconscious play in personality? - ANS Storehouse of memories
& thoughts, can call into consciousness
What role does the unconscious play in personality? - ANS Home of the instincts,
major driving power behind all behaviors
What is the ID part of personality? - ANS Pleasure principle, primary process
thinking
What is the Ego part of personality? - ANS Reality principle, secondary process
thinking
What is the superego part of personality? - ANS Internalized values, conscience,
Ego-ideal
Define repression - ANS Unconscious removal from awareness
Define sublimation - ANS displacing ID impulses into socially acceptable behaviors
Page 2|5
