BIOS 255 Comprehensive Exam with 171 Questions &
Verified Answers.
What is homeostasis? - ANS maintenance of a stable internal environment with the contribution
of all organ systems
What are the components of a homeostatic mechanism? - ANS -Stimulus
-Receptors
-Control center
-Effector
-Response
What is a negative feedback mechanism? - ANS Body REVERSES, or goes against, an original
stimulus to return to homeostasis
Example: Blood glucose regulation after eating.
What is a positive feedback mechanism? - ANS Amplifies the change from the normal level.
(Agrees with the change)
Example: Childbirth, blood clotting
What feedback mechanism is most common? - ANS negative
Inferior - ANS Below; at a lower level
Superior - ANS Above; higher level
Lateral - ANS Side; Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - ANS Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - ANS Father away from the point of attachment
Medial - ANS Toward the midline of the body
Sagittal - ANS divides body into left and right
Transverse - ANS Divides body into upper and lower parts
Anterior - ANS toward the front of the body
Posterior - ANS toward the back of the body
Frontal plane - ANS divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical reactions? - ANS Electrons
Which part of the atom makes up the atomic number? - ANS Protons
PH scale - ANS Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration
- PH < 7: Acidic
-pH > 7: Alkaline (basic)
-pH = 7: neutral
What is the main function on rough endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS Protein synthesis
What kind of cell division results in a diploid, increasing the number of cells? - ANS Mitosis
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - ANS 23 pairs
, Prophase - ANS Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms
Metaphase - ANS Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - ANS Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - ANS Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
What are the 4 types of tissues? - ANS epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the properties of epithelial tissue? - ANS -Cells sit on basement membrane
-Has apical surface and basal surface
-Avascular
-Polarity
-Innervated
What occurs when the apical surface of epithelial cells separate from the basement layer? -
ANS Cell regeneration is triggered.
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found? - ANS heart, blood vessels, kidneys, lungs
Where can you find transitional epithelium? - ANS urinary bladder
Where can columnar epithelium be found? - ANS passages of the respiratory system
Various tubes of the reproductive systems
What function does cilia have? - ANS Helps move things along (moves mucous and foreign
particles away)
Exocrine glands - ANS secrete their products by exocytosis
-Salivary glands
-Sweat glands
-Pancreatic glands
Apocrine glands - ANS **Mammary glands
-accumulates products within but only the apex ruptures
Halocline glands - ANS **Sebaceous glands
-accumulate their products within them until they rupture
What are some examples of connective tissue? - ANS -Loose connective tissue
-Bone
-Cartilage
-Blood
What are the three main elements of connective tissue? - ANS -Cells
-Fibers
-Ground substance
What are the different types of connective tissue fibers? - ANS -Reticular
-Elastic
-Collagen
What is the integumentary system? - ANS Skin, hair, nails, oil and sweat glands
What is the most superficial layer of skin called? - ANS Epidermis
What is the innermost layer of skin called? - ANS Hypodermis
What is the middle layer of skin called? - ANS dermis
Verified Answers.
What is homeostasis? - ANS maintenance of a stable internal environment with the contribution
of all organ systems
What are the components of a homeostatic mechanism? - ANS -Stimulus
-Receptors
-Control center
-Effector
-Response
What is a negative feedback mechanism? - ANS Body REVERSES, or goes against, an original
stimulus to return to homeostasis
Example: Blood glucose regulation after eating.
What is a positive feedback mechanism? - ANS Amplifies the change from the normal level.
(Agrees with the change)
Example: Childbirth, blood clotting
What feedback mechanism is most common? - ANS negative
Inferior - ANS Below; at a lower level
Superior - ANS Above; higher level
Lateral - ANS Side; Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - ANS Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - ANS Father away from the point of attachment
Medial - ANS Toward the midline of the body
Sagittal - ANS divides body into left and right
Transverse - ANS Divides body into upper and lower parts
Anterior - ANS toward the front of the body
Posterior - ANS toward the back of the body
Frontal plane - ANS divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical reactions? - ANS Electrons
Which part of the atom makes up the atomic number? - ANS Protons
PH scale - ANS Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration
- PH < 7: Acidic
-pH > 7: Alkaline (basic)
-pH = 7: neutral
What is the main function on rough endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS Protein synthesis
What kind of cell division results in a diploid, increasing the number of cells? - ANS Mitosis
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - ANS 23 pairs
, Prophase - ANS Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms
Metaphase - ANS Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - ANS Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - ANS Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
What are the 4 types of tissues? - ANS epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the properties of epithelial tissue? - ANS -Cells sit on basement membrane
-Has apical surface and basal surface
-Avascular
-Polarity
-Innervated
What occurs when the apical surface of epithelial cells separate from the basement layer? -
ANS Cell regeneration is triggered.
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found? - ANS heart, blood vessels, kidneys, lungs
Where can you find transitional epithelium? - ANS urinary bladder
Where can columnar epithelium be found? - ANS passages of the respiratory system
Various tubes of the reproductive systems
What function does cilia have? - ANS Helps move things along (moves mucous and foreign
particles away)
Exocrine glands - ANS secrete their products by exocytosis
-Salivary glands
-Sweat glands
-Pancreatic glands
Apocrine glands - ANS **Mammary glands
-accumulates products within but only the apex ruptures
Halocline glands - ANS **Sebaceous glands
-accumulate their products within them until they rupture
What are some examples of connective tissue? - ANS -Loose connective tissue
-Bone
-Cartilage
-Blood
What are the three main elements of connective tissue? - ANS -Cells
-Fibers
-Ground substance
What are the different types of connective tissue fibers? - ANS -Reticular
-Elastic
-Collagen
What is the integumentary system? - ANS Skin, hair, nails, oil and sweat glands
What is the most superficial layer of skin called? - ANS Epidermis
What is the innermost layer of skin called? - ANS Hypodermis
What is the middle layer of skin called? - ANS dermis
