A & P 3 BIOS 255 Final Exam Questions with Verified
Answers.
Pathogens - ANS disease producing microbes such as bacteria and viruses
Immunity resistance - ANS ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses
Susceptibility - ANS vulnerability or lack of resistance
Innate and adaptive - ANS are two type of immunity
Innate immunity - ANS refers to defenses that are present at birth
Does not involve specific recognition
First line of defense which includes the physical and chemical barriers of skin and
mucous membranes
Responses represent immunity's early warning system and are designed to prevent
microbes from entering the body and to help eliminate those that do gain access
Adaptive immunity - ANS specific
Refers to defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached
the innate immunity defenses
Based on a specific response to a specific microbe; that is, it adapts or adjust to handle
a specific microbe
Involve lymphocytes T cell and B cells
Allied with cardiovascular system, and it also functions with the digestive system into he
absorption of fatty foods.
Lymphatic system - ANS consists of fluid called lymph, lymphatic vessels that transport
the lymph, a number of structures and organs containing lymphatic tissue, and red bone
marrow.
- assists in circulating body fluids and helps defend the body against disease-causing
agents.
Lymph - ANS after interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels.
Located within lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissue
Interstitial fluid - ANS is found between cells
Lymphatic tissue - ANS specialized form of reticular connective tissue that contains
large numbers of lymphocytes
Functions of lymphatic systems - ANS 1. Drains excess interstitial fluid - it also return it
to the blood. Links with cardiovascular system, without this maintenance of circulating
blood volume would not be possible
2. Transports dietary lipids- lymphatic vessels transport lipids and lipid=soluble vitamins
(A, D, E, and K) absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract
3. Carries out immune responses - lymphatic tissue starts specific responses directed
against particular microbes
Lymphatic capillaries - ANS where lymphatic vessels begin
Lymphatic vessels - ANS lymphatic capillaries united form this, which have thinner walls
and more valves.
Important functions of lymphatic vessels is to return the lost plasma proteins and
, - It is pale yellow fluid
Lymph trunks - ANS lymphatic vessels exit lymph nodes in a particular region of the
body to form this
Lumbar trunks - ANS drain lymph from lower limbs, the wall and viscera of pelvis, the
kidneys, the adrenal glands, and abdominal wall
Intestinal trunk - ANS drains lymph from stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen and part
of the liver
Bronchomediastinal trunks - ANS drain lymph from the thoracic wall, lung and heart
Subclavian trunks - ANS drain upper limbs
Jugular trunks - ANS drain head and neck
Lymph passes through two main channels: - ANS thoracic duct and the right lymphatic
duct, and drains to venous blood
Thoracic duct - ANS begins as a dilation at cisterna chili and receives lymph from left
jugular, left subclavian, and left bronchomediastinal trunk
Cisterna chyliright lymphatic duct - ANS - cavity or reservoir long and receives lymph
from right jugular, right subclavian, and right bonchomediastinal trunks.
Primary lymphatic organs - ANS red bone marrow and thymus
Secondary lymphatic organ - ANS lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules
(follicles)
White pulp - ANS mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches
of splenic artery
Red pulp - ANS blood-filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue (splenic cords)
that consists offered blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and
granulocytes
Ruptured spleen - ANS most often damaged in cases of abdominal trauma, this causes
significant hemorrhage and shock
Splenectomy - ANS prevent death due to bleeding (red bone marrow and liver can take
over some functions)
Sepsis - ANS blood infection, when spleen's absence places the patient at higher risk
for this; due to loss of filtering and phagocytic functions of the spleen.
Prophylactic (preventative) - ANS reduce the risk of sepsis, patients who have
undergone a splenectomy take prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics before any invasive
procedures
Lymphatic nodules (follicles) - ANS referred to as MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic
tissue). Occur in multiple large aggregations one of these are tonsils and appendix
Tonsils - ANS usually five to form a ring at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Answers.
Pathogens - ANS disease producing microbes such as bacteria and viruses
Immunity resistance - ANS ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses
Susceptibility - ANS vulnerability or lack of resistance
Innate and adaptive - ANS are two type of immunity
Innate immunity - ANS refers to defenses that are present at birth
Does not involve specific recognition
First line of defense which includes the physical and chemical barriers of skin and
mucous membranes
Responses represent immunity's early warning system and are designed to prevent
microbes from entering the body and to help eliminate those that do gain access
Adaptive immunity - ANS specific
Refers to defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached
the innate immunity defenses
Based on a specific response to a specific microbe; that is, it adapts or adjust to handle
a specific microbe
Involve lymphocytes T cell and B cells
Allied with cardiovascular system, and it also functions with the digestive system into he
absorption of fatty foods.
Lymphatic system - ANS consists of fluid called lymph, lymphatic vessels that transport
the lymph, a number of structures and organs containing lymphatic tissue, and red bone
marrow.
- assists in circulating body fluids and helps defend the body against disease-causing
agents.
Lymph - ANS after interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels.
Located within lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissue
Interstitial fluid - ANS is found between cells
Lymphatic tissue - ANS specialized form of reticular connective tissue that contains
large numbers of lymphocytes
Functions of lymphatic systems - ANS 1. Drains excess interstitial fluid - it also return it
to the blood. Links with cardiovascular system, without this maintenance of circulating
blood volume would not be possible
2. Transports dietary lipids- lymphatic vessels transport lipids and lipid=soluble vitamins
(A, D, E, and K) absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract
3. Carries out immune responses - lymphatic tissue starts specific responses directed
against particular microbes
Lymphatic capillaries - ANS where lymphatic vessels begin
Lymphatic vessels - ANS lymphatic capillaries united form this, which have thinner walls
and more valves.
Important functions of lymphatic vessels is to return the lost plasma proteins and
, - It is pale yellow fluid
Lymph trunks - ANS lymphatic vessels exit lymph nodes in a particular region of the
body to form this
Lumbar trunks - ANS drain lymph from lower limbs, the wall and viscera of pelvis, the
kidneys, the adrenal glands, and abdominal wall
Intestinal trunk - ANS drains lymph from stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen and part
of the liver
Bronchomediastinal trunks - ANS drain lymph from the thoracic wall, lung and heart
Subclavian trunks - ANS drain upper limbs
Jugular trunks - ANS drain head and neck
Lymph passes through two main channels: - ANS thoracic duct and the right lymphatic
duct, and drains to venous blood
Thoracic duct - ANS begins as a dilation at cisterna chili and receives lymph from left
jugular, left subclavian, and left bronchomediastinal trunk
Cisterna chyliright lymphatic duct - ANS - cavity or reservoir long and receives lymph
from right jugular, right subclavian, and right bonchomediastinal trunks.
Primary lymphatic organs - ANS red bone marrow and thymus
Secondary lymphatic organ - ANS lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules
(follicles)
White pulp - ANS mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages arranged around branches
of splenic artery
Red pulp - ANS blood-filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue (splenic cords)
that consists offered blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and
granulocytes
Ruptured spleen - ANS most often damaged in cases of abdominal trauma, this causes
significant hemorrhage and shock
Splenectomy - ANS prevent death due to bleeding (red bone marrow and liver can take
over some functions)
Sepsis - ANS blood infection, when spleen's absence places the patient at higher risk
for this; due to loss of filtering and phagocytic functions of the spleen.
Prophylactic (preventative) - ANS reduce the risk of sepsis, patients who have
undergone a splenectomy take prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics before any invasive
procedures
Lymphatic nodules (follicles) - ANS referred to as MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic
tissue). Occur in multiple large aggregations one of these are tonsils and appendix
Tonsils - ANS usually five to form a ring at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx
