IT-T(UGRD) Quantitative Methods Study Guide 2023 with complete solution

IT-T(UGRD) Quantitative Methods Study Guide 2023 with complete solution Data collection used for a population. census The characteristic of population based on all units is called parameter while the measure of sample observation is called statistic. True Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information from data. False The mean is sensitive to any change in value, unlike the median and mode, where a change to an extreme or uncommon value usually has no effect. True What is a number or attribute computed for each member of a population or a sample? Measurement Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena. Forecasting Which is considered as qualitative data? a. The texture of a rock Descriptive Statistics is the branch of statistics that involves organizing, displaying and describing data. True Which among the set is bimodal? {55, 44, 33, 22, 11} Example of this are number of episodes of respiratory arrests or the number of re-intubations in an intensive care unit. c. Discrete Data Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out is the distribution. False It aims to describe various aspects of the data obtained in the study. c. Descriptive Statistics It is used to make predictions or comparisons about a larger group (a population) using information gathered about a small part of that population. d. Inferential Statistics The statistics are presented in a indefinite form so they also help in condensing the data into important figures. False The randomly selected 100 students for a survey is called a population False Which among the data is a sample? c. One section out of all IT Students It means a subgroup of the members of population chosen for participation in the study Sample One disadvantage of the mean is that a small number of extreme values can distort its value. true The population is not confined to people only, but it may also include animals, events, objects, buildings, etc. True Which is an example of interval scale? a. Time of the day on a 12-hour clock Which of the following definition defines interval scale? a. Have meaningful intervals between measurements, but there is no true starting point (zero). Variables can be defined in terms of measurable factors through a process of _______________________________. Operationalization It is a variable that goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis. d. Dependent Variable It is the variable whose change isn't affected by any other variable in the experiment. a. Independent Variable It is commonly used for analyzing experiment results, testing their significance and displaying the results accordingly. d. Statistical Method This industry use statistical approaches to estimate the number of depositors and their claims for a certain day Banking Which is not an importance of levels of measurements? Helps in solving complex mathematical problems Which is not classified as Nominal? Age The value of statistics is strong because they can serve as predictions as well as probabilities in certain trends. true In this level of measurement, the observations, in addition to having equal intervals, can have a value of zero as well. a. Ratio Point _______________________ is an essential characteristic to measure a ratio between any two variables. Zero Measurement at the interval or ratio level is desirable because we can use the more powerful statistical procedures available for ____________ and _______________________. d. Mean and Standard Deviation Scientific data rarely lead to absolute conclusions. True Say you want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so you can get the most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see which bag pops the most popcorn kernels. Which among the choices is the independent variable? b. Brand of popcorn bags Nominal scale is _______________________ in nature, which means numbers are used here only to categorize or identify objects. Qualitative The central tendency of the ordinal scale is _______________________________. Median Compute the frequency of all nominal variables using what formula? c. =COUNTIF() It is a nominal level variable that can take only two values (yes/no, male/female, Hungarian/non-Hungarian). d. Dichotomy It is often based on statements of statistical significance and probability. d. Modern science Sex or Gender is classified under what level of measurement? Nominal It is the outcome variable measured in each subject, which may be influenced by manipulation of what variable? Independent Using a ratio scale permits comparisons such as being twice as high, or one-half as much. True By default, all variables fall in one of the four scales. True Age is under what level of measurements? Interval Although in an interval scale, since there is an absence of the absolute 0 and it works on the principal of an arbitrary 0, the division of variables is not possible. True Classify the level of measurement it belongs: Score in IQ Test b. Interval It is used as a comparison parameter to understand whether the variables are greater or lesser than one another using sorting. Ordinal It refers to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable. a. Levels of Measurement The measures of central tendency are mean, median and mode. True Which is classified as Ratio? Sibling It is the scientific study of earthquakes. d. Seismology It is a branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis of data and drawing of inferences from the samples to the whole population. Statistics It is also a logical grouping of attributes. Variable Nominal comes from the Latin root 'name' meaning nomen. False When the number of elements of the population is fixed and thus making it possible to enumerate it in totality. c. Finite Population Knowing the level of measurement helps you decide what statistical analysis is appropriate on the values that were assigned true Variable that always goes on the x-axis, or the horizontal axis c. Independent Variable In ratio scale, variables can be systematically added, subtracted, multiplied and divided. True It is a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to another individual. Variable It is always possible to transform data from a higher level to a lower level but never the other way around True Say youre interested in how rising sea temperatures impact algae life, so you design an experiment that measures the number of algae in a sample of water taken from a specific ocean site under varying temperatures. What is the independent variable? b. The temperature of the ocean It tries to describe the relationship between variables in a sample or population and provides a summary of data in the form of mean, median and mode. c. Descriptive Statistics The interval scale gives the ability to quantify and differentiate between options. True We use statistics when the number of cases that can occur are really small. False It is important to study statistics in order to formulate well-advance predictions. True It is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information from data. statistics Variables are central to any analysis and they do not need to be understood well by the researcher. False Comparison is one of the main functions of economics as the absolute figures convey a very less meaning. False A set is said to be multimodal if it has _________________________. c. Three or more modes Statistical variables do not contain numerical values but rather something __________________________. Descriptive These are measurements for which there is no natural numerical scale, but which consist of attributes, labels, or other non numerical characteristics. c. Qualitative Data These are often used to communicate research findings and to support hypotheses and give credibility to research methodology and conclusions. c. Statistical Method and Analyses It varies according to changes in other variables. a. Dependent Variable The only permissible aspect related to numbers in a nominal scale is "counting." False It gives the ability to quantify and differentiate between options. Interval It involves the application of specific statistical techniques to disciplines in biology such as population genetics, epidemiology and public health. Biostatistics It does not only classify and order the measurements, but it also specifies that the distances between each interval on the scale are equivalent along the scale from low interval to high interval. Interval When the number of units in a population are uncountable, and so it is impossible to observe all the items of the universe Infinite Which is not a level of measurement in Statistics? c. Proportion It a characteristic or feature that varies, or changes within a study c. Variable Independent and dependent variables always go on the same places in a graph. True The significance of statistical figures can be seen best when invalidating solid arguments or predictions out of hypotheses or conjectures that may seem overwhelming to a layman. False There are two key variables in every experiment: the dependent variable and the independent variable. True It is the average of all the elements of a set Mean Achievement is classified under what level of measurement? interval