BIOD 322 NEUROSCIENCE
DISEASES
Latest Review Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. A 50-year-old male presents with muscle weakness and atrophy,
fasciculations, and hyperreflexia. Which condition is most likely?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
C) Myasthenia gravis
D) Parkinson's disease
Answer: B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Rationale: The symptoms are indicative of ALS, a progressive
neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle
weakness and atrophy.
2. A patient exhibits tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Which
neurodegenerative disorder should be suspected?
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Answer: B) Parkinson's disease
Rationale: These are classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, caused by
the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra.
3. A 30-year-old female complains of double vision, tingling in her
extremities, and periods of weakness. Which diagnosis is most consistent
with these symptoms?
A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Bell's palsy
D) Stroke
Answer: B) Multiple sclerosis
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination in the
CNS, leading to symptoms such as double vision, paresthesia, and muscle
weakness.
4. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with Guillain-Barré
syndrome?
A) Herpes simplex virus
B) Campylobacter jejuni
, C) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
D) Epstein-Barr virus
Answer: B) Campylobacter jejuni
Rationale: Guillain-Barré syndrome is often preceded by an infection with
Campylobacter jejuni, leading to an autoimmune attack on peripheral
nerves.
5. A patient with a history of seizures is most likely to have which type of
medication in their treatment regimen?
A) Anticoagulants
B) Anticonvulsants
C) Antidepressants
D) Antipsychotics
Answer: B) Anticonvulsants
Rationale: Anticonvulsants are used to control seizures by stabilizing
nerve cell membranes and preventing the spread of seizure activity.
6. A 65-year-old with memory loss, disorientation, and mood swings is
likely suffering from which condition?
A) Delirium
B) Dementia
C) Depression
D) Bipolar disorder
Answer: B) Dementia
Rationale: These symptoms are typical of dementia, a chronic disorder
characterized by a decline in cognitive function and memory.
7. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease upon
brain imaging?
A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Cerebral atrophy
C) Hyperdense lesions
D) Subdural hematoma
Answer: B) Cerebral atrophy
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is associated with cerebral atrophy,
particularly in the temporal and parietal lobes.
8. A patient with sudden unilateral facial paralysis is most likely
DISEASES
Latest Review Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. A 50-year-old male presents with muscle weakness and atrophy,
fasciculations, and hyperreflexia. Which condition is most likely?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
C) Myasthenia gravis
D) Parkinson's disease
Answer: B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Rationale: The symptoms are indicative of ALS, a progressive
neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle
weakness and atrophy.
2. A patient exhibits tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Which
neurodegenerative disorder should be suspected?
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Answer: B) Parkinson's disease
Rationale: These are classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, caused by
the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra.
3. A 30-year-old female complains of double vision, tingling in her
extremities, and periods of weakness. Which diagnosis is most consistent
with these symptoms?
A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Bell's palsy
D) Stroke
Answer: B) Multiple sclerosis
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination in the
CNS, leading to symptoms such as double vision, paresthesia, and muscle
weakness.
4. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with Guillain-Barré
syndrome?
A) Herpes simplex virus
B) Campylobacter jejuni
, C) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
D) Epstein-Barr virus
Answer: B) Campylobacter jejuni
Rationale: Guillain-Barré syndrome is often preceded by an infection with
Campylobacter jejuni, leading to an autoimmune attack on peripheral
nerves.
5. A patient with a history of seizures is most likely to have which type of
medication in their treatment regimen?
A) Anticoagulants
B) Anticonvulsants
C) Antidepressants
D) Antipsychotics
Answer: B) Anticonvulsants
Rationale: Anticonvulsants are used to control seizures by stabilizing
nerve cell membranes and preventing the spread of seizure activity.
6. A 65-year-old with memory loss, disorientation, and mood swings is
likely suffering from which condition?
A) Delirium
B) Dementia
C) Depression
D) Bipolar disorder
Answer: B) Dementia
Rationale: These symptoms are typical of dementia, a chronic disorder
characterized by a decline in cognitive function and memory.
7. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease upon
brain imaging?
A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Cerebral atrophy
C) Hyperdense lesions
D) Subdural hematoma
Answer: B) Cerebral atrophy
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is associated with cerebral atrophy,
particularly in the temporal and parietal lobes.
8. A patient with sudden unilateral facial paralysis is most likely
