NR 340 CRITICAL CARE NURSING
Renal Concepts
Latest Review Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is undergoing evaluation
for hemodialysis. Which vascular access site is preferred for long-term
dialysis?
A. Femoral vein
B. Subclavian vein
C. Internal jugular vein
D. Arteriovenous fistula
Answer: D. Arteriovenous fistula
Rationale: An arteriovenous fistula is the preferred access site for long-
term hemodialysis because it provides good blood flow for dialysis, has a
lower infection rate, and lasts longer than other types of access.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient who just underwent a renal transplant.
Which immunosuppressive medication would the nurse expect to
administer to prevent organ rejection?
A. Cyclosporine
B. Insulin
C. Heparin
D. Metformin
Answer: A. Cyclosporine
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive medication
commonly used to prevent organ rejection in renal transplant patients. It
works by inhibiting T-cell activation, which is crucial in the rejection
process.
3. During assessment of a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI), the
nurse notes oliguria. What is the minimum urine output per hour that
defines oliguria?
A. 30 mL/hr
B. 100 mL/hr
C. 400 mL/hr
D. 500 mL/hr
Answer: A. 30 mL/hr
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as a urine output of less than 400 mL in
24 hours, which equates to approximately 30 mL/hr. It is a common sign
of AKI and indicates impaired kidney function.
4. A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is scheduled for
, hemodialysis. What is the primary purpose of hemodialysis in this patient?
A. To increase red blood cell production
B. To regulate blood pressure
C. To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood
D. To stimulate urine production
Answer: C. To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood
Rationale: Hemodialysis is used in ESRD to perform the kidneys'
function of filtering and removing waste products and excess fluid from
the blood, as the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively.
5. A nurse is educating a patient with polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
about potential complications. Which complication is most commonly
associated with PKD?
A. Renal calculi
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Hepatic failure
Answer: B. Hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension is a common complication of PKD due to the
increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused by
the cysts in the kidneys.
6. A patient is diagnosed with prerenal azotemia. The nurse understands
that this condition is characterized by:
A. Direct damage to the renal tissue
B. Obstruction of the urinary tract
C. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys
D. Inflammatory processes within the glomeruli
Answer: C. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys
Rationale: Prerenal azotemia is caused by decreased blood flow to the
kidneys, leading to reduced glomerular filtration rate and accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
7. A patient with acute glomerulonephritis is exhibiting signs of fluid
overload. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find?
A. Hypotension
B. Weight loss
C. Dry mucous membranes
Renal Concepts
Latest Review Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is undergoing evaluation
for hemodialysis. Which vascular access site is preferred for long-term
dialysis?
A. Femoral vein
B. Subclavian vein
C. Internal jugular vein
D. Arteriovenous fistula
Answer: D. Arteriovenous fistula
Rationale: An arteriovenous fistula is the preferred access site for long-
term hemodialysis because it provides good blood flow for dialysis, has a
lower infection rate, and lasts longer than other types of access.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient who just underwent a renal transplant.
Which immunosuppressive medication would the nurse expect to
administer to prevent organ rejection?
A. Cyclosporine
B. Insulin
C. Heparin
D. Metformin
Answer: A. Cyclosporine
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive medication
commonly used to prevent organ rejection in renal transplant patients. It
works by inhibiting T-cell activation, which is crucial in the rejection
process.
3. During assessment of a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI), the
nurse notes oliguria. What is the minimum urine output per hour that
defines oliguria?
A. 30 mL/hr
B. 100 mL/hr
C. 400 mL/hr
D. 500 mL/hr
Answer: A. 30 mL/hr
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as a urine output of less than 400 mL in
24 hours, which equates to approximately 30 mL/hr. It is a common sign
of AKI and indicates impaired kidney function.
4. A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is scheduled for
, hemodialysis. What is the primary purpose of hemodialysis in this patient?
A. To increase red blood cell production
B. To regulate blood pressure
C. To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood
D. To stimulate urine production
Answer: C. To remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood
Rationale: Hemodialysis is used in ESRD to perform the kidneys'
function of filtering and removing waste products and excess fluid from
the blood, as the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively.
5. A nurse is educating a patient with polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
about potential complications. Which complication is most commonly
associated with PKD?
A. Renal calculi
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Hepatic failure
Answer: B. Hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension is a common complication of PKD due to the
increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system caused by
the cysts in the kidneys.
6. A patient is diagnosed with prerenal azotemia. The nurse understands
that this condition is characterized by:
A. Direct damage to the renal tissue
B. Obstruction of the urinary tract
C. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys
D. Inflammatory processes within the glomeruli
Answer: C. Decreased blood flow to the kidneys
Rationale: Prerenal azotemia is caused by decreased blood flow to the
kidneys, leading to reduced glomerular filtration rate and accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
7. A patient with acute glomerulonephritis is exhibiting signs of fluid
overload. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find?
A. Hypotension
B. Weight loss
C. Dry mucous membranes
