CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
AIS Components for ISS Scaling-Body Region - ANSWER--1. Head/Neck
2. Face
3. Chest
4. Abdominal/Pelvic Contents
5. Extremities/Pelvic Girdle Severe
6. External- Skin and Burns
Types of head injuries - ANSWER--scalp wounds, skull fractures, brain injuries
The adult skeletal system - ANSWER--206 bones
Skull base fractures - ANSWER--orbital roof, ethmoid, basilar process of occipital
bone, petrous and squamous process of temporal bone (mastoid or petrous)
Skull Vault fractures - ANSWER--frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal bones
(specifies squamous)
Brain Hematomas - ANSWER--EPH, SAH, SDH, IPH, ICH
uncal herniation, transtentorial - ANSWER--(cerebellum) - code ICD-10 - cord
contusion = AIS code of 140202.5 = 5 squared = 25 ISS score.
Meninges - ANSWER--three protective membranes that surround the brain and
spinal cord
, CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
Intracranial Injuries-Focal injuries - ANSWER--picked up on CT scan. Contusion,
epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hematoma,
intracerebral/intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Intracranial Injuries-Nonfocal Head Injuries - ANSWER--concussions, shear
injury, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), anoxic brain injury (ABI) - these go down to
the cellular level.
Cranial Nerves and Functions - ANSWER--I. Olfactory- smell
II. Optic - Vision
III. oculomotor - Pupil, some extraocular movement
IV. Troclear - extraocular movements
V. Trigeminal - some movements of the jaw, sensation
VI. Abducens- lateral extraocular movement
VII. Facial - facial muscle movement, taste
VIII. Acoustic- hearing, balance
IX. Glossopharyngeal - pharynx-motor, ear/pharynx, tongue- movement
X. Vagus - palate, larynx, pharynx, involuntary muscles
XI. Accessory - sternocleidomastoid/trapezius muscles
XII. Hypoglossal - tongue
Facial Bones - ANSWER--• Orbits
, CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
• Nasal bones
• Maxillae
• Mandible
• Palatine
• Vomer
Facial Mechanisms of Injury - ANSWER--deep lacerations, deformity, difficulty
speaking, visual changes, entrapment of muscles, rhinorrhea, otorrhea, trismus
LeFort Fractures - ANSWER--Type I: maxilla dissociated from skull base - nasal
aperture; "floating palate"
Type II: central midface dissociation - inferior orbital rim, orbital floor;
"pyramidal"
Type III: complete midface dissociation - lateral orbital wall, zygomatic arch;
"floating face"
Other types of Facial Injuries - ANSWER--injuries to the nose, mandible, maxilla,
eyes, ears
Facial Diagnostics and Procedures - ANSWER--CT scan, MRI scan, X rays, ORIF,
Enucleation or removal of the eyeball.
Neck Structures - ANSWER--• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Epiglottis
, CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
• Thyroid Cartilage
• Cricoid Cartilage
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Vertebrae
• Carotid Arteries: common, internal,external
• Vertebral artery
• Jugular vein
• Vagus Nerve
• Phrenic Nerve
Neck Injury Indicators - ANSWER--• Bleeding
• Stridor
• Difficulty Breathing
• Bruising to the Neck
• Deviated Trachea
• Subcutaneous emphysema
• Zones of the Neck:
1. Angle of the mandible to base of the skull 2. Cricothyroid Cartilage
Neck Trauma procedures - ANSWER--• Cricothyroidotomy - needle through a
catheter
• Tracheostomy - done when a patient is stabilized
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
AIS Components for ISS Scaling-Body Region - ANSWER--1. Head/Neck
2. Face
3. Chest
4. Abdominal/Pelvic Contents
5. Extremities/Pelvic Girdle Severe
6. External- Skin and Burns
Types of head injuries - ANSWER--scalp wounds, skull fractures, brain injuries
The adult skeletal system - ANSWER--206 bones
Skull base fractures - ANSWER--orbital roof, ethmoid, basilar process of occipital
bone, petrous and squamous process of temporal bone (mastoid or petrous)
Skull Vault fractures - ANSWER--frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal bones
(specifies squamous)
Brain Hematomas - ANSWER--EPH, SAH, SDH, IPH, ICH
uncal herniation, transtentorial - ANSWER--(cerebellum) - code ICD-10 - cord
contusion = AIS code of 140202.5 = 5 squared = 25 ISS score.
Meninges - ANSWER--three protective membranes that surround the brain and
spinal cord
, CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
Intracranial Injuries-Focal injuries - ANSWER--picked up on CT scan. Contusion,
epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hematoma,
intracerebral/intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Intracranial Injuries-Nonfocal Head Injuries - ANSWER--concussions, shear
injury, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), anoxic brain injury (ABI) - these go down to
the cellular level.
Cranial Nerves and Functions - ANSWER--I. Olfactory- smell
II. Optic - Vision
III. oculomotor - Pupil, some extraocular movement
IV. Troclear - extraocular movements
V. Trigeminal - some movements of the jaw, sensation
VI. Abducens- lateral extraocular movement
VII. Facial - facial muscle movement, taste
VIII. Acoustic- hearing, balance
IX. Glossopharyngeal - pharynx-motor, ear/pharynx, tongue- movement
X. Vagus - palate, larynx, pharynx, involuntary muscles
XI. Accessory - sternocleidomastoid/trapezius muscles
XII. Hypoglossal - tongue
Facial Bones - ANSWER--• Orbits
, CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
• Nasal bones
• Maxillae
• Mandible
• Palatine
• Vomer
Facial Mechanisms of Injury - ANSWER--deep lacerations, deformity, difficulty
speaking, visual changes, entrapment of muscles, rhinorrhea, otorrhea, trismus
LeFort Fractures - ANSWER--Type I: maxilla dissociated from skull base - nasal
aperture; "floating palate"
Type II: central midface dissociation - inferior orbital rim, orbital floor;
"pyramidal"
Type III: complete midface dissociation - lateral orbital wall, zygomatic arch;
"floating face"
Other types of Facial Injuries - ANSWER--injuries to the nose, mandible, maxilla,
eyes, ears
Facial Diagnostics and Procedures - ANSWER--CT scan, MRI scan, X rays, ORIF,
Enucleation or removal of the eyeball.
Neck Structures - ANSWER--• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Epiglottis
, CSTR STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2023-2024 UPDATE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
• Thyroid Cartilage
• Cricoid Cartilage
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Vertebrae
• Carotid Arteries: common, internal,external
• Vertebral artery
• Jugular vein
• Vagus Nerve
• Phrenic Nerve
Neck Injury Indicators - ANSWER--• Bleeding
• Stridor
• Difficulty Breathing
• Bruising to the Neck
• Deviated Trachea
• Subcutaneous emphysema
• Zones of the Neck:
1. Angle of the mandible to base of the skull 2. Cricothyroid Cartilage
Neck Trauma procedures - ANSWER--• Cricothyroidotomy - needle through a
catheter
• Tracheostomy - done when a patient is stabilized
