Arresten:
• Van Gend en Loos
• Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und
Futtermittel
Differences between the Council of Europe and the EU:
Council of Europe EU
Kind of institution International organisation. Similar to a state. It’s not a
You can look at the Council as federative state but there are
an association of states who similar features such as:
made a range of influential • Government-like institution
treaties, but continued being that contains 3 bodies:
sovereign facing the other. European Commission,
council, parliament
• There is a legislative body:
^
• There is a European Court
of Justice which is
resembling to a
constitutional court
guarding the consistency
and legality of European law
• There is a European
citizenship, not the same as
citizenship of the Member
States
• There is a common
currency, but not for all
Member States
The EU had its own legal
orde for the advantage of
which the states have limited
their sovereign rights
Participating states 47 Contracting states, 28 Member States.
including all Member States of Abolishing membership of the
the EU EU is extremely complicated
Product Produces Treaties Produces governance and
legislation, while it’s based
on treaties
Role of the courts European Court of Human Court of Justice of the EU
Rights (ECtHR). Applies and (CJEU or ECJ). Applies and
interprets the European interprets EU law. It also
Convention of Human Rights could be called a
(ECHR), and it’s a supranational court, but it’s
supranational court. more fitting to see it as one of
Individuals may bring their the fundamental institutions
complaints against a of the ‘state’ EU. The most
contracting state which important function of this
violated their fundamental court is answering
rights of the ECHR, after the preliminary questions from
national remedies have national courts of the Member
been exhausted. There are States with binding
3 types of declaratory interpretation of relevant
judgements the ECtHR may EU law. It only informs
pass: national judges of its
• Complaint is non-admissible interpretation, so it does not
• No violation apply EU law or national law,
, Council of Europe EU
• Violation and so it doesn’t decide the
The ECtHR functions as a conflict.
court of the highest appeal,
but it never puts down
judgements of the national
courts
Institutions of the Council of Europe:
• The committee
• An assembly
• A congress
Aim of Council of Europe (Art. 1 Statute): to achieve a greater unity between its
members for the purpose of safeguarding and realizing the ideals and principles which
are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress.
Important institutions of the Council of Europe:
• Secretary general
• Committee of Ministers
• Parliamentary Assembly
• Congress of Local and Regional Authorities
• Commissioner for Human Rights
• Congress of International NGO’s
Treaty law of the EU is imposed in:
• Treaty on European Union (TEU): principles, objects and general institutional
framework of the Union
• Treaty on the functioning of the EU (TFEU): more detailed and operational
principles and instructions
• Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU (Charter EU or CFREU):
fundamental rights to be implemented in Union law.
Doctrine of the unwritten ‘general principles of Union Law’ (Art. 6 lid 3 TEU):
all member states have ratified the ECHR, and it could happen that such a Member
State violates the ECHR while implementing EU law. This doctrine was then made and
Member States need to submit to the ECHR as well while implementing EU law.
Art. 52 lid 3 Charter: the meaning of rights in the Charter, which relates to rights by
the ECHR, need to be the same as the rights in the Convention.
The Court of Justice follows his own path in interpreting the fundamental rights,
because it has the specific task to interpret EU law.
Monist system: international law can be invoked directly before national courts
Dualist system: international law must be integrated into national law before the
national courts can allow it and can only be applied in as far as the national law
provides for this action.
Van Gend en Loos arrest: states that the EU constitutes a new legal order of
international law for the benefit of which the states have limited their sovereign rights,
albeit within limited fields, and the subjects of which comprise not only Member States
but also their nationals.
• Van Gend en Loos
• Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und
Futtermittel
Differences between the Council of Europe and the EU:
Council of Europe EU
Kind of institution International organisation. Similar to a state. It’s not a
You can look at the Council as federative state but there are
an association of states who similar features such as:
made a range of influential • Government-like institution
treaties, but continued being that contains 3 bodies:
sovereign facing the other. European Commission,
council, parliament
• There is a legislative body:
^
• There is a European Court
of Justice which is
resembling to a
constitutional court
guarding the consistency
and legality of European law
• There is a European
citizenship, not the same as
citizenship of the Member
States
• There is a common
currency, but not for all
Member States
The EU had its own legal
orde for the advantage of
which the states have limited
their sovereign rights
Participating states 47 Contracting states, 28 Member States.
including all Member States of Abolishing membership of the
the EU EU is extremely complicated
Product Produces Treaties Produces governance and
legislation, while it’s based
on treaties
Role of the courts European Court of Human Court of Justice of the EU
Rights (ECtHR). Applies and (CJEU or ECJ). Applies and
interprets the European interprets EU law. It also
Convention of Human Rights could be called a
(ECHR), and it’s a supranational court, but it’s
supranational court. more fitting to see it as one of
Individuals may bring their the fundamental institutions
complaints against a of the ‘state’ EU. The most
contracting state which important function of this
violated their fundamental court is answering
rights of the ECHR, after the preliminary questions from
national remedies have national courts of the Member
been exhausted. There are States with binding
3 types of declaratory interpretation of relevant
judgements the ECtHR may EU law. It only informs
pass: national judges of its
• Complaint is non-admissible interpretation, so it does not
• No violation apply EU law or national law,
, Council of Europe EU
• Violation and so it doesn’t decide the
The ECtHR functions as a conflict.
court of the highest appeal,
but it never puts down
judgements of the national
courts
Institutions of the Council of Europe:
• The committee
• An assembly
• A congress
Aim of Council of Europe (Art. 1 Statute): to achieve a greater unity between its
members for the purpose of safeguarding and realizing the ideals and principles which
are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress.
Important institutions of the Council of Europe:
• Secretary general
• Committee of Ministers
• Parliamentary Assembly
• Congress of Local and Regional Authorities
• Commissioner for Human Rights
• Congress of International NGO’s
Treaty law of the EU is imposed in:
• Treaty on European Union (TEU): principles, objects and general institutional
framework of the Union
• Treaty on the functioning of the EU (TFEU): more detailed and operational
principles and instructions
• Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU (Charter EU or CFREU):
fundamental rights to be implemented in Union law.
Doctrine of the unwritten ‘general principles of Union Law’ (Art. 6 lid 3 TEU):
all member states have ratified the ECHR, and it could happen that such a Member
State violates the ECHR while implementing EU law. This doctrine was then made and
Member States need to submit to the ECHR as well while implementing EU law.
Art. 52 lid 3 Charter: the meaning of rights in the Charter, which relates to rights by
the ECHR, need to be the same as the rights in the Convention.
The Court of Justice follows his own path in interpreting the fundamental rights,
because it has the specific task to interpret EU law.
Monist system: international law can be invoked directly before national courts
Dualist system: international law must be integrated into national law before the
national courts can allow it and can only be applied in as far as the national law
provides for this action.
Van Gend en Loos arrest: states that the EU constitutes a new legal order of
international law for the benefit of which the states have limited their sovereign rights,
albeit within limited fields, and the subjects of which comprise not only Member States
but also their nationals.
